京沪两地小学生早餐行为及影响因素分析

目的　了解京沪两地小学生早餐现状及影响早餐的行为因素 ,为深入研究小学生早餐问题 ,制定和开展“学生营养早餐计划”提供科学依据。方法　采用分层整群抽样方法 ,对北京、上海两个城市 86 88名 6～ 1 1岁学生的早餐行为进行问卷调查。调查内容包括家庭一般情况、饮食喜好、早餐食物选择、奶类摄入等情况。结果　小学生不能保证每天吃早餐的比例北京男生为 2 5.8% ,女生为 2 1 .6 % ;上海男生为 1 1 .4 % ,女生为 1 3.3%。学生不吃早餐的原因主要是没有食欲、没有时间吃和家长没时间做。学生早餐食物品种单调 ,质量较差。学生早餐 55%以上由母亲准备 ,食用早餐的地点以家里为主 ,其次为上学路上和饭馆或小摊。早餐费用在 2～ 3元之间。学生吃早餐的行为与其母亲的吃早餐行为密切相关 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　京沪两地小学生的早餐质量均有待改善。应加强家长的营养知识教育 ,重视早餐 ,倡导合理营养。

Breakfast Practices of Elementary School Students in Beijing and Shanghai and Their Contributing Factors

ObjectiveTo investigate breakfast practices an d its contributory factors of elementary school students in Beijing and Shanghai a nd to provide scientific basis for developing and implementing School Breakfast Programs. MethodsA questionnaire regarding family general cond ition, dietary preference, food choices at breakfast and milk consumption was us ed to investigate breakfast practices of 8 688 students aged 6-11 years, selecte d by using a stratified cluster sampling method, in Beijing and Shanghai. ResultsAbout 25.8% of schoolboys, 21.6% of schoolgirls in Beijing an d 11.4% of schoolboys, 13.3% of schoolgirls in Shanghai did not take breakfast e very day. The main reasons for skipping breakfast include d no appetite, lack of time for consumption (children) and preparation (parents) . Most of students ate a skimpy and nutritionally inadequate breakfast. About 55 % of student ate breakfast made by their mothers. Most of students had breakfast at home, more consumed breakfast out of their home (on the way to school or in hash house and pullin). Per capita expenditure on breakfast was in the range of 2 yuan to 3 yuan. Breakfast practices of students were associated significantly with those of their mothers(P< 0.01). ConclusionBreakf ast quality of elementary school students needs improvement. The emphasis should be on nutrition education,helping parents recognize the importance of serving nutri tionally adequate breakfast to their children.