Meningococcal Disease: Shifting Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms That May Contribute to Serogroup C Virulence |
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Authors: | Jessica R MacNeil Jennifer D Thomas Amanda C Cohn |
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Institution: | Meningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, MS C-09, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA, aji8@cdc.gov. |
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Abstract: | During the past decade, monovalent serogroup C and quadrivalent (serogroups A, C, W135, Y) meningococcal vaccination programs
have been introduced in multiple industrialized countries. Many of these programs have been successful in reducing the burden
of disease due to vaccine-preventable serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis in target age groups. As a result, disease burden in these countries has decreased and is primarily serogroup B, which is
not vaccine preventable. Despite the success of these programs, meningococcal disease continues to occur and there is always
concern that serogroup C organisms will adapt their virulence mechanisms to escape pressure from vaccination. This review
highlights the current epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Europe and United States, as well as genetic mechanisms that
may affect virulence of serogroup C strains and effectiveness of new vaccines. |
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