基准剂量在制定镉生物接触限值中的应用

目的研究基准剂量（BMD）在制定镉生物接触限值中的应用。方法选择某冶炼厂和某锌制品厂职业接触镉的工人为接触组，当地医护人员和商业人员为对照；尿镉为接触生物标志物；β-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（UNAG）和尿白蛋白（UALB）为效应生物标志物，并均用尿肌酐校正；用BMDS Version 1．3．2软件（EPA．U．S）进行BMD计算。结果按照对照组效应指标的95％上限为参考值上限，求得各效应指标的异常发生率，与尿镉均有剂量-效应关系；计算得到BMD和基准剂量的可信限低限水平（BMDL）；以UBM为效应指标的生物接触限值为5μg／g Cr，与WHO推荐值相一致；以UNAG为效应指标的生物接触限值为3μg／gCr。结论用基准剂量法可以制定镉生物接触限值；推荐使用更为敏感的效应指标UNAG来确定镉的生物接触限值。

Application of Benchmark Dose (BMD) in Estimating Biological Exposure Limit (BEL)

OBJECTIVE: Based on two sets of data from occupational epidemiology, Benchmark dose (BMD) was applied to estimate biological exposure limit (BEL). METHODS: Cadmium exposed workers were selected from a cadmium smelting and a zinc products factory and control group was selected from doctors or nurses and staff from shops living in the same area; Urinary cadmium (UCd) was used as exposure biomarker and urinary beta(2) microglobulin (UBM), NAG (UNAG) and albumin (UALB) were as effect biomarkers. All urine parameters were adjusted by urinary creatinine. Software of BMDS (Version 1.3.2, EPA.U.S) was used to calculate BMD. RESULTS: Calculated abnormal prevalence was based on the upper limit of 95% of effect biomarkers in control group; There are significant dose response relationship between the prevalence of effect biomarkers (UBM, UNAG and UALB) and exposure biomarker (UCd); BEL was 5 microg/g creatinine for UBM as effect biomarker, It consists with the recommendation of WHO; BEL was 3 microg/g creatinine for UNAG as effect biomarker; BEL can be estimated by using the method of BMD; the more sensitive biomarker would used, the more occupational people would protected. CONCLUSION: The application of BMD in estimating biological exposure limit (BEL) is proper. UNAG is suggested as most sensitive biomarker to be used to estimate BEL for cadmium exposure.