Sex differences in the association between dietary restraint,insulin resistance and obesity |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;3. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;4. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 333 Cedar Street, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;1. Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A18, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A21, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A16, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Universitario S/N, Avenida Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad C.P. 4100, México, Distrito Federal Mexico;2. Universidad Anáhuac Mexico Norte, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac No. 46, Colonia Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Estado de México C.P. 52786, Mexico;3. Boston University, Psychology Department, 1 Silber Way, Boston, MA C.P. 02215, United States;1. Maastricht University, The Netherlands;2. VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Turkey;2. Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Background & aimsRestrained food consumption may alter metabolic function and contribute to eventual weight gain; however, sex differences in these relationships have not been assessed. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between restrained eating and insulin resistance and the influence of body mass index and sex on this relationship in a large community sample of both men and women. We hypothesized that restrained eating would be related to insulin resistance and this relationship would be influenced by sex and body mass index.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, observational study, we studied 487 individuals from the community (men N = 222, women N = 265), who ranged from lean (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, N = 173), overweight (body mass index 25–29.9 kg/m2, N = 159) to obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m2, N = 155) weight categories. We assessed restrained eating using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and obtained fasting morning plasma insulin and glucose on all subjects.ResultsIn men, but not in women, restrained eating was related to homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, HOMA-IR was significantly higher in men who were high- versus low-restrained eaters (p = 0.0006).ConclusionsThis study is the first to report sex differences with regard to the relationship between restrained eating and insulin resistance. Our results suggest that high restrained eating is associated with insulin resistance in men but not in women. |
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