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Chemoembolization and radioembolization
Affiliation:1. School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Monza, MB, Italy;2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H. S. Gerardo, Monza, MB, Italy;3. Department of Interventional Radiology, H. S. Gerardo, Monza, MB, Italy;1. Institute of Endocrinology and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel;2. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel;1. Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris, F-75010, France;2. Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France;3. Service d''Hépatologie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France;4. Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France;1. Orthopaedic Hand and Upper Extremity Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;2. University of Amsterdam Orthopaedic Residency Program (PGY 4), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract:Chemoembolization and radioembolization are at the core of the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who cannot receive potentially curative therapies such as transplantation, resection or percutaneous ablation. They differ in the mechanism of action (ischaemia and increase cytotoxic drug exposure for chemoembolization, internal irradiation for radioembolization) and may target different patient populations. Chemoembolization with cytotoxic drug-eluting beads is a more standardized although not necessarily more effective way of performing chemoembolization. Cytoreduction is achieved in most patients but complete tumor ablation may be achieved and lead to extended survival. Grade 1 level of evidence support the use of chemoembolization for the treatment of patients in the early and intermediate stages while grade 2 evidence supports the use of radioembolization for the treatment of patients in intermediate to advanced stages. Selecting the best candidates for both techniques is still a work in progress that ongoing clinical trials are trying to address.
Keywords:Transarterial chemoembolization, TACE  Drug-eluting beads, DEB  Radioembolization, RE  Yttrium  Selective Internal Radiation Therapy, SIRT
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