Human Touch Effectively and Safely Reduces Pain in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Canakkale State Hospital, Canakkale, Turkey;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Lebanon;2. Azusa Pacific University, California, USA;3. Makassed General Hospital, Lebanon;1. Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Erzurum, Turkey;2. Department of Pediatric Nursing, Bozok University, School of Health, Yozgat, Turkey;3. Atatürk University, Health Services Vocational School, Erzurum, Turkey;4. Atatürk University, Faculty of Health Science, Erzurum, Turkey;1. Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China;2. Clinical Practice Facilitator, Cambridge University Hospitals, Rosie Maternity Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom;3. Dept. of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Ghent University, Belgium;4. Dept. of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China;1. Nursing Department, Song-Shan Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;2. School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Social Welfare and Social Work, Hsuan Chuang University, Taiwan, ROC;4. School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Canada;5. Department of Pediatric, National Defense Medical Center, & Tri Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | This was a feasibility pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of the nonpharmacologic pain management technique of gentle human touch (GHT) in reducing pain response to heel stick in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Eleven premature infants ranging from 27 to 34 weeks' gestational age, in a level III NICU in a teaching hospital, were recruited and randomized to order of treatment in this repeated-measures crossover-design experiment. Containment with GHT during heel stick was compared with traditional nursery care (side lying and “nested” in an incubator). Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and cry were measured continuously beginning at baseline and continuing through heel warming, heel stick, and recovery following the heel stick. Infants who did not receive GHT had decreased respiration, increased heart rate, and increased cry time during the heel stick. In contrast, infants who received GHT did not have decreased respirations, elevated heart rates, or increased cry time during the heel stick. No significant differences were noted in oxygen saturation in either group. GHT is a simple nonpharmacologic therapy that can be used by nurses and families to reduce pain of heel stick in premature infants in the NICU. |
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