Imaging and clinical tests for the diagnosis of long-standing groin pain in athletes. A systematic review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;2. Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverrier Cr, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia;1. MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. Adidas miCoach Performance Centre, AFC Ajax, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Health Innovation and Technology, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium;3. Center for Physical Therapy Research and Innovation in Primary Care, Leidsche Rijn Julius Health Care Centers, Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Physical Therapy Research, Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sport, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium;1. MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. adidas miCoach Performance Centre, AFC Ajax, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;1. Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Surgery Clinic, Ireland;2. Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom;3. Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | Objectives: To examine the validity of clinical tests available for the diagnosis of longstanding groin pain in athletes. Design: Systematic review. Method: A published search strategy of MeSH terms in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SportDiscuss. Inclusion criteria: diagnostic studies relating to athletic groin pain, professional or semi-professional athletes, symptoms lasting for more than six weeks, and not limited by age or gender. A priori exclusion criteria were utilised. Outcome measures: QUADAS tool, sensitivity and specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values of the reported tests and investigations. Results: 577 Journal articles were identified. Five studies met all requirements. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical tests ranged between 30 and 100% and 88 and 95% respectively with negative likelihood ratio of 0.15–0.78 and positive likelihood ratios of 1.0–11.0. Sensitivity and specificity of investigations (MRI, herniography, and dynamic ultrasound) ranged between 68% and 100% as well as 33% and 100% respectively with negative likelihood ratios between 0 and 0.32 and positive likelihood ratios between 1.5 and 8.1. Conclusion: There is a lack of validated diagnostic clinical tests available for clinicians and a lack of symptomology being evaluated. It is recommended that a reference standard should be applied and data should be reported in sufficient detail to calculate diagnostic statistics that is useful to the clinician. |
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| Keywords: | Groin Athletic injury Diagnosis Systematic review |
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