Self-Efficacy and Fear Avoidance Beliefs in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: Coexistence and Associated Factors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Occupational and Industrial Orthopaedic Center (OIOC), NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York University, 63 Downing St, New York, NY 10014, USA;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland;4. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden;1. Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, China Education Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;2. Faculty of Psychological Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;3. College of Education and Sports Science, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China;1. NYU Hospital for Joint Disease, Occupational and Industrial Orthopaedic Center (OIOC), New York University, 63 Downing St, New York, NY 10014, USA;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Horten Centre for Patient-Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, Zurich 8032, Switzerland;3. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden;4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, Zurich 8008, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK;2. Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King''s College London, & INPUT Pain Management Centre, Guy''s and St Thomas'' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK |
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| Abstract: | A cross sectional study was conducted with the objective to assess the coexistence of self-efficacy and fear avoidance beliefs and establish the associated factors. Data collection was performed (215 individuals with lower back pain at three health services and two industries). The following instruments were used: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Beck's Depression Inventory, Piper's Fatigue Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale. Wilks' lambda test was performed, followed by MANOVA model to assess the effect of self-efficacy beliefs and fear avoidance on independent variables. Most subjects were women (65.1%), 45 years of age or younger (50.7%), with a family income between $450 and $1,350 per month (49.3%). Depression was present in 21.4%, fatigue in 29.3%, and disability in 68%. The average (standard deviation) of self-efficacy was 180.8 (60.4), and fear avoidance was 42.0 (11.5). A significant negative correlation was observed between the total score of both beliefs. The Wilks' lambda test showed that gender, income, depression, disability, and fatigue were significant and were included in the model. In the Manova analysis, low self-efficacy was associated with lower income, fatigue, depression, and level of disability (p < .001). High fear avoidance was associated to the male gender, lower income, depression, and level of disability (p < .001). The analysis of the confidence areas showed that a reduced self-efficacy and increased fear avoidance are related to an increased level of disability (p < .001). Specific intervention strategies must be implemented change these beliefs. |
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