女大学生体脂率与身体素质的相关性

目的揭示女大学生各项身体素质与身体形态之间的关系,为加强女大学生的健康管理提供理论依据。方法 2017年3月随机抽取井冈山大学633名健康女大学生,测试体脂百分比(BFP)和去脂体重,并按BFP由低到高将受试者分为体脂偏低、正常、体脂偏高、Ⅰ级肥胖、Ⅱ级以上肥胖5个组,测试握力、腿力、背力、肺活量、最大摄氧量、反应时、坐位体前屈、双手背勾和闭眼单脚站立等身体素质指标。结果 5个组别女大学生握力、背力、肺活量、最大摄氧量绝对值和相对值、两侧双手背勾、闭眼单脚站立差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。进一步的多重比较结果显示,Ⅰ级肥胖组与正常组相比,肺活量升高,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾下降;与体脂偏高组相比,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。Ⅱ级以上肥胖组与正常组和体脂偏高组相比,握力、背力、肺活量、绝对最大摄氧升高,相对最大摄氧量、左背勾、右背勾、闭眼单脚站立降低(P值均<0.05); Ⅱ级以上肥胖组与Ⅰ级肥胖组组间除背力和相对最大摄氧量外,其他指标差异均有统计学意义。结论 BFP正常和偏高女大学生的身体素质明显好于肥胖女大学生; BFP超过30%主要使学生的心肺耐力素质、上肢柔韧素质下降,BFP高于35%同时使平衡素质下降。

Correlation between body fat percentage with physical fitness in female college students

Objective To reveal the relationship between physical fitness and body fat percentage (BFP)among female college students.Methods During March 2017,BFP and fat free mass were measured among 633 randomly selected healthy female college students.All subjects were divided into five groups based on BFP:low weight,normal weight,high body fat,grade Ⅰ obesity and grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ obesity.Grip strength,leg strength,back strength,vital capacity,maximal oxygen uptake,reaction time, sit-and-reach,back scratch and standing on one foot with closed eyes were tested.Results There were significant differences be- tween all groups in grip strength,back strength,vital capacity,the absolute and relative value of VO2max,back scratch on both sides and standing on one foot with closed eyes(P<0.05).Grade I obesity group showed significant higher vital capacity,but lower relative value of VO2max,back scratch in both sides compared with normal group.Significant differences were observed in relative value of maximum oxygen uptake and back scratch in both sides between high body fat group and grade I obesity(P<0.05).Moreover,grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ obesity group showed significantly higher grip strength,back strength,vital capacity and absolute VO2max,but lower relative VO2max,back scratch in both sides and standing on one foot with closed eyes compared with normal and high body fat groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in all the indicators except back strength and the relative VO2max between grade Ⅱ/Ⅲ obesity and grade Ⅰ obesity group(P<0.05).Conclusion The results showed that physical fitness of female college students with normal body fat percentage is significantly better than that of obese peers.Body fat percentage confers damage for cardiopulmonary endurance fitness and upper limb flexibility fitness when higher than 30%and for balance fitness wheri higher than 35%.