Hepatitis A |
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| Authors: | B Flehmig |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Maharashtra, India;2. Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India;4. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India;1. University of Campinas, Chemical Engineering Department, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Federal University of Pará, Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Federal University of Pará, Mechanical Engineering Department, Belém, Pará, Brazil;4. Northeastern University, Chemical Engineering Department, Boston, MA, USA;5. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Nuclear Medicine, “Le Scotte” University Hospital, Siena, Italy;2. Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;3. Meyer Children''s Hospital, Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Known properties of hepatitis A virus are described in this article. HAV is a small non-enveloped picornavirus, grouped in the Enterovirus family, with unique biological features. The genome structure resembles that of other picornaviruses. Replication in cell cultures takes much longer than that of other picornaviruses and the yield is much lower. HAV is extremely heat- and pH-stable. Variants may induce cytopathogenic effects in vitro. Normally, however, the virus is non-cytopathogenic. The elimination of virus in vivo is assumed to be caused by action of HAV antigen specific CD8+ lymphocytes. In industrialized countries there is a declining incidence of reported hepatitis A cases, and the prevalence of antibodies in younger populations is low. Vaccines have been developed and in studies using human volunteers, good immunogenicity has been demonstrated. In the very near future a cell cultured derived, highly purified, inactivated vaccine will be available. |
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