2012-2014年杭州西溪国家湿地公园血吸虫病监测

目的 目的 了解杭州西溪国家湿地公园 （西溪湿地） 血吸虫病疫情动态和流行现状。方法 方法 根据 《浙江省血吸虫病 监测点监测方案》 要求， 2012-2014年对西溪湿地螺情、 周边常住居民、 流动人口感染状况等进行监测。结果 结果 2012- 2014年西溪湿地公园累计查螺12.31 hm2 ， 监测外来植物75 379株， 植被4 965 m2 ， 均未发现钉螺。常住居民血检阳性率 为0.71% （5/706）， 流动人员血检阳性率为1.36% （25/1 834）， 2014年发现1例输入性慢性血吸虫病病例。2013年开展流 动人口感染状况和血防知信行专题调查， 共调查3 006人， 血检阳性率为0.63% （19/3 006）； 流行区组和非流行区组各调 查1 503人， 其血检阳性率分别为1.00% （15/1 503） 和0.27% （4/1 503）， 差异有统计学意义 （χ2 = 6.41， P < 0.05）； 血检阳性 者粪检均为阴性； 流动人口对 《血吸虫病防治条例》 及钉螺相关知识的知晓率均较低。外来钉螺室内模拟存活试验显示， 观察3个月和6个月时钉螺存活率分别为58.33%和1.25%。结论 结论 西溪湿地适宜钉螺孳生繁殖， 当地流动人口中的输入 性血吸虫病病例对该地疫情构成了严重威胁。今后应加强钉螺、 流动人口监测及健康教育等工作。

Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Xixi National Wetland Park, 2012-2014

Objective Objective To understand the endemic dynamic and situation of schistosomiasis in the Xixi National Wetland Park. Methods Methods The surveillances of Oncomelania hupensis snail situation and the schistosome infection status of the permanent residents and floating population in the Xixi National Wetland were conducted annually from 2012 to 2014 according to the Sur? veillance Programs of Schistosomiasis in Surveillance Sites of Zhejiang Province. Results Results From 2012 to 2014，accumulatively 12.31 hm2 of area，4 965 m2 of vegetation and 75 379 alien plants were surveyed in the Xixi National Wetland Park，and no On? comelania snails were found. The seropositive rates in the permanent residents and floating population were 0.71%（5/706）and 1.36%（25/1 834） ，respectively，and 1 imported chronic schistosomiasis case was found in 2014. Totally 3 006 floating person? nel were involved in the investigation of infection status and awareness on knowledge of schistosomiasis control in 2013，the sero? positive rate was 0.63%（19/3 006） ，and the rates of those from endemic and non?endemic areas were 1.00%（15/1 503）and 0.27%（4/1 503） ，respectively，and the difference was statistically significant（χ2 = 6.41，P < 0.05） . The results of the fecal examinations among the seropositive cases were all negative. The awareness rates on the Regulation of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention as well as related knowledge about Oncomelania snails were low. The indoor survival experiment of Oncomelania snails showed the survival rates of Oncomelania snails were 58.33% and 1.25% after observing for 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusions Conclusions The Xixi National Wetland Park is suitable for Oncomelania snails to inhabit and breed. The imported cases in floating population pose a serious threat to the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in local. In the future，the surveillance on snails and floating population as well as the health education should be strengthened.