深圳市宝安区膳食等因素与肾结石发病关系的随访研究

目的 验证影响深圳市宝安区肾结石发病的膳食及生活习惯方面的病因假设。方法 采用调查问卷、临床和腹部B超检查等进行肾结石的基线调查和随访研究。对基线调查的暴露资料进行相关分析、Logistic回归分析等分析方法，从饮食和生活习惯、结石家族史等多个方面综合分析肾结石发病的危险因素。结果 4552名随访人群中，肾结石患者为305人，两年累计发病率为6．92％。肾结石的发病与下列因素有关：①绝经，RR为2．433；②结石家族史，RR为1．544；③海产品，RR(食用频率5～7次／周相对于≤1～2次／月)为9．032；④新鲜水果，RR(食用频率≤1～2次／月相对于≥1～2次／周)为2．249；⑤高糖食品，RR(食用频率5～7次／周相对于1～2次／周)为2．568；⑥豆类及豆制品，RR(食用频率5～7次／周及≤1～2次／月相对于1～2次／周)分别为2．184及1．689。结论 改变不良的生活习惯和均衡饮食，应是预防肾结石的主要措施。

A Follow-up Study on Dietary Factors of Kidney Stones in Bao'an District,Shenzhen City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the major dietary factors of kidney stones in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City and provide a scientific base for further effective prevention of kidney stones. METHODS: Following the process of stratified cluster random sampling in Bao'an district, a cross-sectional study (July-Aug, 2000) was conducted for collecting the base-line data on kidney stones from a population of permanent residents who were over 15 years old, exclusive of those who had had kidney stones or could not correctly respond to the questionnaire review. Then, a follow-up survey (July-Sept, 2002) for incident kidney stone cases was carried out among those residents. The methods for measurement included questionnaire and face-to-face interview, clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography. All the investigators and interviewers were trained for the field work. And the data processing, dataset and analyses were performed using Visual-Fox 6.0 and SAS 6.12. The risk factors of kidney stoned were comprehensively analyzed for dietary, life style, and family history of stones. The statistical analyses included case-control comparison, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 305 kidney stones patients among 4552 follow-up members, the cumulative incidence of 2 years was 6.92%. The kidney stones were associated with the factors: menopause, RR=2.433; family history of stones, RR=1.544; sea foods, the RR (5-7 times/week vs < or = 1-2 times/month) was 9.032; fruits, the RR (< or = 1-2 times/month vs > or = 1-2 times/week) was 2. 249; sweet foods, the RR (5-7 times/week vs 1-2 times/week) was 2. 568; bean and bean products, the RR (5-7 times/week and < or = 1-2 times/month vs 1-2 times/week) was 2.184 and 1.689. CONCLUSION: Changing the inappropriate habitual eating patterns and generalizing the use of proportioning dietary should be the main measures to prevent kidney stones.