208例麻疹患者的临床流行病学分析及几点经验教训

目的 从临床工作者的视点探讨深圳１９９８年的麻疹较大流行的特点和临床特点。方法 利用本院收治的２０８例麻疹的资料，分析比较４个年龄段中外来人口和本地人口患者的占有比、≤８月龄患儿的麻疹疫苗接种史和母亲麻疹史、〉８月龄患者中外来人口和本地人口的麻疹疫苗接种史等。结论 （１）〉８月龄的外来人口１０７例中，未种麻疹疫苗者占７９．４％；〉８月龄的本地人口７２例中，未种麻疹疫苗者占４１．７％；（２）发病年龄

Analysis of clinical epidemiology for 208 patients of measles and some lessons learned

OBJECTIVE: To survey the epidemic patterns and clinical characteristics of a relatively large scale measles epidemic in Shenzhen, 1998. METHODS: Morbidity among permanent and temporary residents in 4 different age groups, related to their history of measles vaccination among the infant cases of 8 month olds among the two types of residents. Using data originated from the hospital documents of 208 measles cases in 1998. RESULTS: Among the total 208 cases: (1) Of 107 cases of temporary residents in age > 8 mon., 79.4% were unvaccinated while 41.7% were unvaccinated among 72 cases of permanent inhabitants in age > 8 mon.; (2) The two peaks fell on 9 month to 5 year olds (32.7%), in which predominant cases were permanent inhabitant, while among the 14 - 36 year group (33.7%) temporary resident accounted for 71.4%; (3) Among 208 cases, there were 29 in 3 - 7 mon. olds, taking up 14.0% of the whole, who all did not receive the vaccinations. Seventeen of the 29 cases (58.6%) of the said children had mothers with positive histories of measles while the infants manifested atypical mild measles. The rest 12 of the 29 cases (41.4%) whose mothers had an negative histories of contracting measles, 4 infants manifested typical measles and 8 atypical mild measles. CONCLUSIONS: (1) One of the main causes of this epidemic was the unsound history of vaccination in the population; (2) In Shenzhen, preventive measures should focus on infants and young children among permanent inhabitants while focusing on adolescents and youths on temporary residents; (3) It was suggested that in Shenzhen, infants born to mothers without measles history or infants at the age borderline for measles immunization but without vaccination should receive it; Women in reproductive ages without measles history or vaccination should be considered as vaccination receivers.