铁路焊轨基地职业病防护措施探讨

目的探讨铁路焊轨基地职业病危害防护措施。方法通过职业卫生现场调查、职业卫生检测等方法收集数据和资料。结果焊轨基地存在的职业性有害因素有粉尘、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、臭氧、锰及其化合物、噪声、紫外辐射、高温、局部振动和工频电场,检测结果,粉尘在手持打磨工序（CTWA11.2 mg/m3）和仿型磨工序（CTWA9.0mg/m3）超过职业接触限值,钢轨焊机、钢轨打磨、正火机、钢轨校直机、吊锤试验台8 h等效连续A声级超过职业接触限值,其他检测项目符合相关标准要求。在职业病防护设施、职业健康监护、警示标识、职业卫生管理等方面也存在不同程度的问题。结论焊轨基地职业病危害关键控制因素为粉尘和噪声,并在职业病防护设施、职业健康监护、个人防护用品、警示标识、职业卫生管理等方面需完善。

Investigation of protective measures on occupational diseases in a rail welding depot

Objective To investigate the protective measure on the occupational diseases in a rail welding depot.Methods All the data were collected by the means of occupational health field investigation and detection.Results There existed some occupational hazards in the rail welding depot,including industrial dust,nitrogen,carbon monoxide,ozone,manganese dioxide,industrial noise,ultraviolet radiation,heat stress,hand-transmitted vibration,and power frequency electric field.It showed that industrial dust in hand-grinding process(CTWA11.2 mg/m3)and copy grinding process(CTWA 9.0 mg/m3)exceeded occupational exposure limits(OELs).In addition,normalized continuous A-weighted sound pressure level equivalent to an 8 h-working-day(LEX,8h) of rail welding machine,rail grinding,quenched rail,rail straightening machine and drive hammer test exceeded OELs.All the other inspection items were consistent with related standards.Besides,it revealed some problems including incompleteness in protective measures and personal protective equipment,lack of occupational health surveillance for workers,deficiency in warning sings for occupational hazards in the workplace,as well as occupational health system imperfection.Conclusion It shows that industrial dust and noise are the key control elements of occupational hazards in this rail welding depot.Moreover,there exists some aspects to be improved including protective measures and personal protective equipments,occupational health surveillance for workers,warning sings for occupational hazards in the workplace,as well as occupational health system imperfection.