某木制家具制造企业职业病危害因素的检测与分析

目的了解某木制家具制造企业的职业病危害因素,为制定防护对策提供理论依据。方法依照国家职业卫生标准和规范,通过现场职业卫生学调查,对主要职业病危害因素进行检测与评价。结果手工打磨工位空气中木粉尘浓度较高,时间加权平均浓度波动幅度为9.5～14.0 mg/m3;表面清洁岗位空气中正己烷浓度全部超标,空气样品中检出正己烷短时间接触浓度最大值为675 mg/m3;在板材存放区域与板材加工车间,空气样品中检出甲醛最高浓度为0.65 mg/m3,合格率仅为27.8%;36个作业点噪声强度超过国家职业卫生标准,作业点合格率仅为21.7%。结论木制家具制造业中职业病危害的关键控制因素为木粉尘、正己烷、甲醛、噪声,应合理改善作业环境,加强个人防护,防止职业病发生。

Detection and analysis of occupational hazard factors in a wooden furniture manufacturing enterprise

Objective]To understand the occupational hazards of a wooden furniture manufacturing enterprise,provide a theoretical basis for developing the protective measures.Methods]According to the national occupational health standards and specifications,the main occupational hazards were detected and evaluated by field occupational hygiene survey.Results]The concentrations of wood dust in air of the hand grinding posts were high,and the time weighted average concentration ranged from 9.5 mg/m3 to 14.0 mg/m3.The concentrations of n-hexane in air of surface cleaning posts exceeded the limits,and the maximum short-term exposure concentration of n-hexane was 675 mg/m3.The maximum concentration of formaldehyde in air of wood storage area and processing workshop was 0.65 mg/m3,and the qualified rate was only 27.8%.The levels of noise intensity in 36 operation posts exceeded national occupational health standards,and the qualified rate was only 21.7%.Conclusion]The critical control points of the occupational hazards in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprise are wood dust,n-hexane,formaldehyde and noise.It is necessary to improve the operating environment and enhance personal protection to prevent occupational diseases.