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Homocysteine,antioxidant micronutrients and late onset dementia |
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| Authors: | Lawrence J. Whalley Susan J. Duthie Andrew R. Collins John M. Starr Ian J. Deary Helen Lemmon Ashleigh C. Duthie Alison D. Murray Roger T. Staff |
| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZH, UK 2. Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB21 9SB, UK 3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blinden, 0316, Oslo, Norway 4. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, UK 5. Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9JZ, UK 6. Royal Cornhill Hospital, Cornhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZH, UK 7. Old Age Psychiatry, Royal Dundee Liff Hospital, Dundee, DD2 5NF, UK 8. Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Lilian Sutton Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK 9. Nuclear Medicine, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK |
| Abstract: | PurposeTo distinguish between contributions to dementia made by homocysteine, folate, B12 and antioxidant micronutrients.MethodsThis is a follow-up study of a sample reported in 2002. Homocysteine was measured at baseline in 201 individuals born in 1921 and without dementia at age 77 years and followed up to age 88 years. Baseline macro- and micronutrient status was estimated from BMI, the MONICA food frequency questionnaire, plasma folate, B12 and, in a subgroup (N = 173), plasma antioxidant micronutrients. Time to dementia onset during follow-up was compared between participants grouped by homocysteine concentration using Cox regression. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, childhood IQ, education, socioeconomic deprivation, presence of heart disease, hypertension, plasma folate and B12. In model 2 plasma, antioxidants were added to these covariables.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of about 5 years, there were 39 incident dementia cases among 201 participants. In model 1, being in the highest homocysteine group (>14 μmol/L) was associated with a 234 % increased risk (HR 3.34, 95 % CI 1.16–9.57) of any dementia. After inclusion of plasma antioxidants in model 2, there were 32 incident dementia cases from a subsample (N = 173). Homocysteine >14 μmol was associated with a 272 % increased dementia risk (HR = 3.72, 95 % CI 1.06–13.08).ConclusionsHigh homocysteine increases the risk of dementia. The association between tHcy and dementia is independent of plasma folate, B12 and antioxidant micronutrient status. |
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