长江特大洪水溃堤洲滩灾后血吸虫病疫情监测

目的探讨洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播中、远期的影响。方法通过收集安徽枞阳县1998～2009年疫情以及水文、气象资料．研究洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播宿主的分布以及人群血吸虫感染的中、远期影响。结果钉螺密度在2000～2004年维持在较高水平，其中2001年最高3．0375只／0．11m^2，之后基本呈波动下降趋势：灾后人群IHA和粪检阳性率变化趋势基本一致、IHA阳性率于1999年达到最高水平31．63％（593／1875）。粪检阳性率于2001年达到最高水平31．78％（41／129），之后基本呈下降趋势，至2007年粪检阳性率趋于平稳。结论洪涝灾害短期内可引起钉螺的扩散及人群血吸虫病感染率的升高．但采取有效的防治措施后．洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播流行的远期影响并不大。

The long-term effects of flood on the prevalence of schistosomiasis

Objective To explore the long-term effects of flood on the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Methods The hydrological, metrological and epidemiological data from 1998-2009 were collected in Zongyang county, Anhui province. The long-term effects of flood on the distribution of snail and the host in- fection of schistosomiasis were investigated. Results Snail density in 2000-2004 remained at a high level, the highest was 3.037 5 / 0.11m2 in 2001, after that the basic trend was decreasing. The positive rate of IHA and stool examination showed a similar trend. The positive rate of IHA in 1999 reached the highest level of 31.63% （593/1 875） and the positive rate of stool examination was the highest level of 31.78% （41/129） in 2001, followed by the downward trend until 2007. Conclusion Floods can cause the spread of snails and the increasing of the prevalence of schistosomiasis during a short period. But the long-term effects of flood on the prevalence of schistosomiasis is not obvious by taking effective control measures.