乐果亚慢性染毒对大鼠谷氨酸递质系统和学习记忆的影响

目的探讨有机磷农药乐果亚慢性染毒对大鼠学习记忆功能的影响及对中枢兴奋性氨基酸神经递质系统的可能作用。方法48只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组，每组12只。对3个实验组以乐果经口灌胃（5、10和20mg／kg），每周5d，每天1次，共13周；对照组给予等体积的生理盐水。染毒结束，每组随机取6只大鼠在Morris水迷宫中检测动物学习记忆功能的改变情况；其余大鼠断头处死进行生化测定。使用硫代乙酰胆碱一二硫代双硝基甲酸（Asch．DTNB）法测定海马中乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活力；用反相高效液相色谱荧光法测定海马中谷氨酸含量；用配体受体结合实验测定N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）受体的Bmax和Kd值。结果大鼠定位航行实验中，随着训练期的增加，各组动物逃避潜伏期明显缩短；中、高剂量乐果染毒组的潜伏期比对照组长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。空间探索实验中，高剂量组与对照组相比，穿越平台位置的次数明显减少，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。动物染毒后，低、中、高染毒组大鼠海马AChE活力分别为对照组的77．9％、62．8％和42．1％，差异有统计学意义，存在剂量一效应关系（P〈0．01）。中、高剂量组大鼠海马分区谷氨酸含量与对照组相比增加134．5％、132．9％．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；中、高剂量组NMDA受体Bmax值与对照组相比降低21．2％、23．2％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；各剂量组受体Kd值增加22．2％-33．1％，且高剂量组与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。大鼠的空间记忆能力下降与海马中NMDA受体的亲和力下降在统计学上有相关关系（P〈O．05）。结论乐果亚慢性染毒可引起大鼠中枢兴奋性氨基酸神经递质含量及NMDA受体密度和亲和力的改变，并在降低大鼠的学习记忆功能中可能发挥一定的作用。

Effects of 90-day oral dimethoate exposure on glutamatergic system and neurobehavioral performance in rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatial learning and exploration along with the CNS excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters profiles in adult rats subchronically exposed to the anticholinesterase organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate. METHODS: Rats were gavaged daily with dimethoate (0, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg via oral) in NS. for 90 days. Morris water maze tasks were used to test the spatial learning and memory in the rats after the dimethoate exposure. Simultaneously, rats were decapitated for the determination of brain cholinesterase AChE activities, glutamate concentrations, and the NMDA receptor NMDA-R densities and affinities in hippocampus. RESULTS: Latencies to find a hidden escape platform were significantly longer in dimethoate dosed groups than that of the control group in the place navigation tests. Subsequently, the times of crossing the location of platform which had been removed obviously decreased in the highest dose group compared with that of the control in the spatial probe tests (P < 0.05). AChE activity was significantly reduced 42% approximately 78% by all three doses of dimethoate (P < 0.05). Glutamate concentrations were increased significantly 132.9% approximately 134.5% by the two highest doses of dimethoate (P < 0.05). In addition, the NMDA receptor bindings were reduced 21.2% approximately 23.2% with the statistical significance at the same two highest doses (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the receptor affinities was reduced 33.1% by the highest dose group (P < 0.05). The lesions of spatial memory were statistically corrected with the decrease of the NMDA-R affinities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The cholinergic lesion as well as the excitatory amino acid system alteration might attribute to the inferior ability in spatial learning and memory in dimethoate subchronically exposed rats.