木材装饰贴面作业女工腰背痛分析

目的研究木材装饰贴面作业女工的腰背痛及其原因。方法对某地木材装饰贴面加工作业中3种主要工种的女工进行问卷调查、腰部检查和弯腰状态分析。结果选板、修补和贴面3个工种女工疲劳主诉率分别为68．8％、66．7％和59．0％，最易疲劳部位是腰背。选板和修补工的腰背痛发生率明显高于贴面工，分别是53．8％、58．7％和30．1％；棘间和腰大肌压痛与腰背痛结果一致。姿势分析结果表明，选板和修补工最大弯腰幅度（80°）大于贴面工（60°），且日弯腰次数分别为（4396±817）、（1696±286）次]和日弯腰时间分别为（6．5±0．6）、（6．2±1．3）h]也明显高于贴面工分别为（1094±476）次、（4．5±0.9）h]，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论装饰贴面女工因现有作业方式而普遍存在弯腰姿势，尤以选板和修补工种突出，可能是其腰背痛高发的主要原因。

Low back pain prevalence of female workers in flat-grained veneer wood industry

OBJECTIVE: To study the low back pain(LBP) and its cause on female workers in flat-grained veneer wood industry. METHODS: Bending posture was analyzed by observation and the prevalence of low back pain was investigated by physical examination and questionnaire among 299 female workers. RESULTS: The prevalence of fatigue compliant in selecting, remending and sticking workers was 68.8%, 66.7% and 59.0%, respectively, which mainly involved in the part of low back. The prevalence of low back pain in selection (53.8%) and remending (58.7%) workers was higher than that in sticking workers (30.1%), which was in accordance with the tenderness between L4/L5 or L5/L6 and on the psoas major. Posture analysis indicated that the biggest bending range of selecting and remending workers (80 degrees ) was larger than that of sticking workers (60 degrees ), as well as the daily bending times(4396+/-817), (1696+/-286), (1094+/-476)] and the time they kept bending(6.5+/-0.6), (6.2+/-1.3), 4.5+/-0.9) h]. CONCLUSION: Bending posture is common among female workers especially those who work in selecting and remending and might be the major causes for the high prevalence of LBP in flat-grained veneer wood industry.