汽车轮胎胶粒所致交通警察呼吸系统损害及其致敏性调查

目的探讨汽车轮胎胶粒对交通警察（以下简称“交警”）呼吸系统损害及其致敏性。方法对455名外勤交警及243名对照者进行呼吸系统症状询问调查及肺通气功能用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1.0）、最大呼气中期流速（MMF）、呼出肺活量50％时的最大呼气流速（V50）等指标测定；并进行455名外勤交警及230名对照人员汽车轮胎胶粒血清特异性IgE抗体水平测定，以及汽车轮胎胶粒抗原的皮肤针刺试验，对其中汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的66名外勤交警及5名对照人员进行鼻黏膜激发试验；对66名汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性的外勤交警进行硫酸特布他林吸入试验。结果交警咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气短、打喷嚏、鼻塞、流鼻涕等症状的阳性率分别为38．02％、27．03％、20．00％、23．08％、27．47％、32．09％、34．95％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；交警组汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性率为14．51％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；交警组的皮肤针刺试验阳性率为23．73％，明显高于对照组（3．04％）；汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者鼻黏膜激发试验阳性率为54．55％，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）；交警肺通气功能FVC、FEV1.0、MMF、V50实测值／预计值的百分比明显低于对照组，66例汽车轮胎胶粒特异性IgE抗体阳性者硫酸特布他林吸入试验阳性44例，占调查交警总人数的9．67％。结论汽车轮胎胶粒是导致交通警察肺通气功能损害的原因之一，汽车轮胎胶粒有引起交通警察过敏性哮喘的可能。

Automobile tyre colloidal particle induced allergic damage of respiratory system in traffic policemen and its allergicity

OBJECTIVE: To explore the damage of respiratory system in the traffic policemen induced by automobile tyre colloidal particle and its allergicity. METHODS: The respiratory system symptoms in 445 traffic policemen working outside their offices and 243 controls were investigated and their pulmonary ventilation function index such as FVC, FEV(1.0), MMF and V(50) were determined. The specific IgE antibody of automobile tyre colloidal particle of their serum was determined and the skin-prick test of automobile tyre colloidal particle antigen was performed. Sixty-six traffic policemen working outside their offices and 5 controls with the positive of IgE antibody among them were detected by nasal mucosa provocation test. Sixty-six traffic policemen working outside their offices with the positive of IgE antibody were determined by Terbutaline inhalation test. RESULTS: The positive rate of respiratory system symptoms of traffic policemen such as cough, stethocatharsis, short breath, nasal obstruction, sneeze and nose running was 38.02%, 27.03%, 20.00%, 23.08%, 27.47%, 32.09% and 34.95% respectively and significantly higher than those of the control with significant difference (P < 0.01) or (P < 0.05). The positive rate of specific IgE antibody of automobile tyre colloidal particle, skin- prick test and nasal mucosa provocation test was 14.51%, 23.73% and 54.55% respectively with significant difference (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.05). The percentage, the actual figure compared with the prediction figure, of the index of pulmonary ventilation function (FVC, FEV(1.0) MMF and V(50)) of traffic policemen were significantly lower than those of the control. Terbutaline inhalation test in 66 positive subjects of specific IgE antibody of automobile tyre colloidal particle was positive in 44 subjects, accounting for 9.67% in all policemen investigated. CONCLUSION: The automobile tyre colloidal particle is one of etiological factors that induce pulmonary ventilation function damage and could result in allergic asthma of traffic police.