Maternal Influences on Nausea and Vomiting in Early Pregnancy |
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Authors: | Ronna L Chan Andrew F Olshan David A Savitz Amy H Herring Julie L Daniels Herbert B Peterson Sandra L Martin |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(2) Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA;(3) Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(4) Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA;(5) Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(6) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
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Abstract: | Symptoms of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy (NVP) are common among pregnant women, but whether some women are more
likely than others to experience these symptoms has not been well established. We examined potential risk factors for NVP
symptom severity, timing of onset, and duration. We included 2,407 newly pregnant women who participated in a prospective
cohort study on early pregnancy health between 2000 and 2004 in three U.S. cities. Data on NVP and other health information
were collected through telephone interviews, early gestation ultrasound, and medical record abstractions. Generalized linear
models were used to model possible risk factors for each NVP characteristic. Eighty-nine percent of women had NVP; for 99%
of these, symptoms started in the first trimester. None of the characteristics examined were associated with having NVP. Among
those with NVP, increasing risk of delayed symptoms onset was associated with advancing maternal age; increased risks were
also seen among non-Hispanic Black Risk ratio (RR) = 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6,11.6] and Hispanic women (RR = 2.3,
95% CI:0.4,11.5). NVP symptoms for multigravidae were more likely to last beyond the first trimester with each additional
pregnancy. Most pregnant women experienced NVP. Nearly all of them, regardless of characteristics examined, had symptoms beginning
in the first trimester. Maternal age, race/ethnicity, and gravidity were associated with delayed onset and symptoms that persisted
into the second trimester. |
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