乌鲁木齐市空气颗粒物对哮喘患者肺功能影响的研究

目的探究乌鲁木齐市空气颗粒物(PM2.5,PM10)对成年支气管哮喘患者肺功能的影响。方法选择2018年6月至2019年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院诊断为支气管哮喘患者为研究对象,纳入30例,对比入组哮喘病人在不同时期(2018年9月,2018年12月,2019年3月,2019年6月),不同浓度PM2.5,PM10暴露下,对哮喘患者肺功能及临床症状(哮喘控制测试ACT评分及呼吸困难评分Borg指数)的影响。结果哮喘病人在不同时期(2018年9月,2018年12月,2019年3月,2019年6月)随访测量的FEV₁%、FEV₁/FVC、ACT、Borg差异均有显著性(P<0.05),PM2.5、PM10与FVC%的相关系数分别为-0.5,-0.022,但P值均>0.05,差异无统计学意义;两种空气颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)对哮喘病人FEV₁%,FEV₁/FVC,ACT存在显著的负向相关,与Borg指数存在显著的正向相关关系。分别以FEV₁%,FVC%,FEV₁/FVC为因变量,空气质量(PM2.5,PM10浓度)作为自变量,性别、年龄等作为控制变量进行回归分析,得出年龄、PM2.5对FEV₁%有显著的负向影响;年龄对FEV₁/FVC有显著的负向影响;性别对ACT有显著的正向影响;性别对Borg评分有显著的负向影响;PM2.5对Borg评分有显著的正向影响。结论乌鲁木齐市冬季空气污染较重,空气颗粒物PM2.5,对哮喘患者肺功能FEV₁%影响更大,其值越高,FEV₁%越低,同时增加患者临床呼吸困难症状,应加强重视。

Effect of air particulate matter on lung function in patients with asthma in Urumqi

Objective To study the effect of PM2.5 and PM10 on adult with asthma.Methods From June 2018 to December 2019,100 patients with bronchial asthma diagnosed in the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the study objects,and 30 patients were included in the study.Their pulmonary function and clinical symptoms(asthma control)of patients with asthma were compared in different periods(September 2018,December 2018,March 2019,June 2019),under different concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10.The effect of act score and Borg index of dyspnea score were tested.Results There were significant differences in FEV₁%,FEV₁/FVC,act and Borg measured by asthma patients in different periods(September 2018,December 2018,March 2019,June 2019)(P<0.05).The correlation coefficients of PM2.5 and PM10 with FVC%were-0.5,-0.022,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).The two kinds of air particles(PM2.5 and PM10)were negatively correlated with FEV₁%,FEV₁/FVC and ACT,and positively correlated with Borg index.Taking FEV₁%,FVC,FEV₁/FVC as the dependent variable,air quality(PM2.5,PM10 concentration)as the independent variable,gender and age as the control variables for regression analysis,it was concluded that age and PM2.5 had a significant negative impact on FEV₁%,age had a significant negative impact on FEV₁/FVC,gender had a significant positive impact on ACT,gender had a significant negative impact on Borg score,and PM2.5 had a significant negative impact on Borg score.Conclusion Air pollution in winter is serious in Urumqi.PM2.5 has a greater impact on FEV₁%of pulmonary function in patients with asthma.The higher its value is,the lower FEV₁%is.At the same time,it should be paid more attention to increase the clinical dyspnea symptoms of patients.