周围神经损伤诊断与治疗进展

目的综述周围神经损伤诊断和治疗的最新进展.方法复习国内外文献,并结合研究及临床经验,总结出周围神经损伤近几年取得的主要成果.结果全臂丛神经根性撕裂伤近年的进展有:健侧C7神经根通过颈椎前食管后方的通道直接移至患侧;吻合血管神经的股薄肌移植;MRI和CTM能早期诊断.对于臂丛神经上干或下干根性撕脱伤可用臂丛内神经移位术:即用尺神经部分束移位至肱二头肌肌支;健侧C7神经根选择性束组(保留前股前内侧)移位术或肱肌肌支移位至正中神经屈指肌束或骨间前神经.胸廓出口综合征多见于常保持头直视前方姿势的人群中、易发生颈肌劳损者.放射性神经病尽早用肾上腺皮质素、抗凝药和高压氧治疗.结论虽然在周围神经损伤修复中已有很大进展,但在促进神经再生、功能重建方面尚需深入研究.

RECENT PROGRESS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE INJURY TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVE

Objective To investigate the latest development in diagnosis and treatment of the injury to the peripheral nerve. Methods The literature at home and abroad was reviewed, and the research findings with clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment for the injury to the peripheral nerve were summarized. Results The treatment for the total brachial plexus avulsion injury was successfully performed by the extra-plexus nerve transfer. The avulsion of the brachial plexus could be directly repaired by the healthy C_7 nerve root transfer through the anterior spinal approach. The forearm flexors could be reinforced by the neurovascularized gracilis transplantation. MRI and CTM were the best methods of early diagnosis for the brachial plexus injury. The pure upper or lower root avulsion of the brachial plexus injuries could be repaired by the intra-plexus nerve transfer, which involved a transfer of part of the ulnar nerve in the arm to the motor nerve of the biceps for C_5-C_6 avulsion of the brachial plexus,and a transfer of selective fascicles of the healthy C_7 nerve root or brachial muscle branch to the flexors muscle fascicles of the median nerve or anterior interosseous nerve. The thoracic outlet syndrome always occurred in this position when the neck muscle fatigue occurred in the typists or the game-players after their longstanding looking forwards. The C_5 and C_6 roots were rolled by the tendenofibrotic tissue at the origin of the scalenus. After a procain block, the symptom subsided. Radiation neuropathy was a series of pathological changes caused by overdoses of the radiation therapy. The pathologic findings consisted of a series of vessel damages and final coagulation necrosis, which induced clusters of abnormally-dilated, thin-walled telangiectasias. Radiation neuropathy could be detected by MRI and could be differentiated from tumor. Once the diagnosis was established, the therapy should be begun early, including the systemic use of steroids, anticoagulation, and hyperbaric oxygen. Conclusion Great progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment of the injury to the peripheral nerve, but a further study should be performed to promote regeneration of the nerves and reconstruction of the related functions.