深圳市小学生视力不良的流行现况及影响因素研究

目的通过对深圳市小学生视力不良的现况调查,探讨视力不良的主要危险因素,为针对性地防治学生近视提供依据。方法通过整群抽样方法,随机抽取深圳市4所小学一至五年级4936名学生进行近视初筛及相关的行为、环境因素问卷调查,通过多因素模型分析小学生近视的影响因素。结果深圳市小学生视力不良率为47.5%,女生（50.3%）高于男生（40.2%）;高年级（OR=1.322）、女性（OR=1.221）、父母近视（OR=1.273）、性格内向（OR=1.249）、作业时间大于2小时（OR=1.336）以及读写姿势不正确（OR=1.202）均是视力不良的危险因素。结论深圳市小学生视力不良情况比较严重,应从小学及时开始学生近视防治工作,学校应将重点放在学生读写姿势的指导和督导上,家长则应加强对孩子眼放松行为和习惯的督促培养。

Study on poor vision and its influencing factors among students from primary school in Shenzhen City

Objective To investigate the current status and major risk factors of poor vision in Shenzhen pupils in order to provide references for the prevention and treatments of short sight of young people.Methods 4936 pupils from grade 1 to 5 in four primary schools in Shenzhen were selected by cluster sampling.First screening was conducted and relative behaviors and environmental factor were surveyed by using questionnaires.Multiple model was built to analyse the influential factors of short sight in pupils.Results The poor vision rate of Shenzhen pupils is 47.5%,the rate of females（50.3%） is higher than that of males（40.2%）.High grade（OR=1.322）,female（OR=1.221）,parents with short sight（OR=1.273）,introversion（OR=1.249）,doing homework over 2 hours（OR=1.336） and incorrect gesture of reading and writing（OR=1.202） are risk factors of poor vision.Conclusion The current situation of poor sight of Shenzhen pupils is severe.Short sight prevention should be started from primary school.School should emphasize the guidance and supervision of children reading and writing gestures,while parents should strengthen the cultivation and supervision of children eye relax behavior and habit.