北京、上海3～5岁儿童饮食行为现状及影响因素分析

目的了解北京、上海3～5岁儿童的饮食行为现状,分析其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法在北京、上海各选国家一级一类幼儿园3所,用分层抽样方法选择3～5岁儿童1620人,对其家长进行问卷调查;对影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果所有调查儿童中约44.5%偏食,50.1%挑食,87.5%吃零食,70.3%喜欢喝含糖饮料。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲文化程度(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.55-2.87)、就餐时提示孩子吃某种食物(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.65-3.05),就餐时强迫孩子吃某种食物(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.21-2.48)与儿童挑食、偏食行为均相关;母亲文化程度(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.55-2.87)与儿童喝含糖饮料相关。结论偏食、挑食及喜欢喝含糖饮料是学龄前儿童存在的主要饮食行为问题,在宣传科学喂养的同时,要培植家长正确的育儿理念。

Survey on diet behavior and influencing factor analysis among preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in Beijing and Shanghai

Objective To study the diet behavior of preschool children,analyze influencing factor and provide evidence for intervention activities and evaluation.Methods Three national first class kindergartens were selected in Beijing and Shanghai respectively,1620 of preschool children were enrolled by stratified cluster sampling methods according to age.The children and their parents were investigated using questionnaire.Logistic analysis was used for influencing factors analysis.Results Among these children,44.5% of them were food preference,50.1% of them had choosy food habits,87.5% of them ate snack between meals and 70.3% of them liked drinking beverage.The logistic regression analysis showed that mother＇s educational level（OR=2.11,95%CI：1.55-2.87）,their suggestion on children eating a certain kind of food（OR=2.25,95%CI：1.65-3.05） and their forcing to children eating a certain kind of food（OR=1.73,95%CI：1.21-2.48） were related with children＇s behaviors of food preference.Mother＇s educational level（OR=2.11,95%CI：1.55-2.87） was related with children＇s habit of drinking beverage.Conclusion Food preference,eating a certain kind of food and drinking beverage are the three major behavior problems among preschool children.Promoting scientific feeding methods and right child-rearing ideas are both very important to their parents.