中国九市不同喂养方式婴儿体格生长水平的横断面调查

目的 调查不同喂养方式婴儿体格生长水平的现状和差异。方法 1~<12月龄婴儿的母乳喂养、辅食添加及体格生长数据来自2015年“第五次中国九市7岁以下儿童体格发育调查”。1~<6月龄婴儿的喂养方式分为纯母乳喂养、部分母乳喂养和人工喂养，~<12月龄的喂养方式分为持续母乳喂养和人工喂养。不同喂养方式婴儿体重、身长及头围生长水平比较采用方差分析或t检验。结果 共纳入1~<12月龄婴儿59 170人。1~<6月龄纯母乳喂养率、部分母乳喂养率和人工喂养率分别为48.6%、37.4%和14.0%，~<12月龄持续母乳喂养率和人工喂养率分别为59.9%和40.1%。1~<6月龄纯母乳喂养婴儿平均体重略高于部分母乳喂养婴儿，差值范围为0.06~0.20 kg；也略高于人工喂养婴儿，差值范围为0.09~0.22 kg。6~<12月龄持续母乳喂养婴儿平均身长低于人工喂养婴儿，差值范围为-0.3~-0.1 cm。不同喂养方式在6~<12月龄体重、1~<6月龄身长及1~<12月龄头围上差异均无统计学意义。不同喂养方式婴儿体重、身长及头围生长模式与WHO儿童生长标准相似，但总体上体重和身长平均生长水平略高于WHO儿童生长标准。结论 不同喂养方式生长模式相似，在生后的前半年纯母乳喂养婴儿的生长水平略高于部分母乳喂养和人工喂养婴儿，在后半年持续母乳喂养婴儿的生长水平略低于人工喂养婴儿。

Physical growth level of infants with different feeding patterns in nine cities of China: A cross-sectional survey

Objective To investigate the physical growth level and its difference of infants with different feeding patterns. Methods Data on breastfeeding, complementary feeding and physical growth in infants aged 1-<12 months were collected through the fifth physical development survey of children under 7 years old in nine cities of China in 2015. Feeding patterns for infants aged 1-<6 months were classified into exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding and formula feeding, and for infants aged 6-<12 months into continued breastfeeding and formula feeding. Weight, length and head circumferences were assessed among different feeding groups using analysis of variance or t test. Results A total of 59,170 infants aged 1-<12 months were included in this study. For infants aged 1-<6 months, exclusive breastfeeding, partial breastfeeding and formula feeding accounted for 48.6%, 37.4% and 14.0% respectively and for infants aged 6-<12 months, continued breastfeeding and formula feeding accounted for 59.9% and 40.1% respectively. At the age of 1-<6 months, exclusively breastfed infants were a little heavier than partially breastfed infants with the difference from 0.06 to 0.20 kg, and also a little heavier than formula-fed infants with the difference from 0.09 to 0.22 kg. At the age of 6-<12 months, continuously breastfed infants were a little shorter than formula-fed infants with the difference from -0.3 to -0.1 cm. Weight at 6-<12 months, length at 1-<6 months, and head circumferences at 1-<12 months were almost not of statistical significance among different feeding groups. The growth of weight, length and head circumferences for infants with different feeding patterns generally conformed to child growth standards required by World Heath Organization, but the average growth levels of weight and length were slightly higher. Conclusion Infants with different feeding Methods presented similar growth patterns in infancy. The growth performance of exclusively breastfed infants was slightly higher than that of partially breastfed and formula-fed infants in the first half of the first year, but the growth performance of continuously breastfed infants was slightly lower than that of formula-fed infants in the second half.