Individual differences in the kinetics of alcohol absorption and elimination |
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Authors: | Koichi Uemura Tatsuya Fujimiya Yumiko Ohbora Masahiro Yasuhara Ken-ichi Yoshida |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Forensic Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan 2. Department of Legal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan 3. Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Abstract: | The individual differences in alcohol pharmacokinetics were studied using the one-compartment model with first-order absorption
and zero-order elimination kinetics in humans. The blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were simulated by obtained parameters,
absorption rate constant (ka), and climination rate constant (β). The 81 healthy young Japanese volunteers, who had been divided
into those without alcohol-induced facial flushing (nonflushers) and those with facial flushing (flushers) according to alcohol
patch test results and a questionnaire beforehand, ingested 0.50 g/kg ethanol within 1 minute. Breath alcohol concentrations
(BrACs) were measured during absorption and during the elimination period. BACs were obtained based on BrACs. Fifteen percent
of subjects exhibited low BAC profile (below 0.4 mg/mL) (first-pass effect FPE] group), although the majority showed normal
BAC profile (normal group). The ka was approximately 5 to 8 (h−1) in the normal group without significant difference between nonflushers and flushers, whereas that in the FPE group was significantly
smaller than in the normal group. For the normal group, peak BACs were well simulated by the one-compartment model with first-order
absorption and zero-order elimination kinetics. A considerable portion of subjects exhibited FPE. Absorption of alcohol from
the intestine plays an important role in alcohol pharmacokinetics in humans. |
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