广州市新生儿脐血铅水平及其影响因素研究

目的：了解广州市新生儿脐带血血铅水平及其影响因素。方法：在广州市收集脐血标本287份，在严格质量控制下用Z／3030型石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计（PE公司）测定血铅值，并以面谈问卷的形式对相应的287例产妇进行家庭、社会环境调查，用多因素统计分析的方法，分析对脐血铅水平有明显作用的影响因素。结果：287例的脐血铅水平呈正态分布，被测产妇脐血铅水平20～175μg／L，中位数为77．38μg/L，标准差为28．08μg/L，其中脐带血铅水平超过目前认为的安全界限（100μg/L）者占18．82％。孕妇被动吸烟、孕期食用皮蛋、家庭多人居住和居住处新装修是胎儿期铅暴露的影响因素，但多元Logistic回归分析表明，这些因素对脐血铅水平的影响差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：广州市铅污染状况对胎儿的发育有不利的影响，仍需进一步改善。

Study of influencing factors on umbilical blood load in Guangzhou

Objective:To investigate the status of umbilical blood lead of newborns and its influencing factors. Methods:Collected 287 umbilical blood samples in Guangzhou. Tested blood lead with Z/3030 graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PE Company) under strict quality control,and investigated 287 parturients about family and social environment with questionnaire. Made multi-factor statistic analysis of obvious impacting factors. Results:The level of lead in 287 umbilical blood sample had normal distribution,with range as 20-175 μg/L,median as 77.38 μg/L,and standard deviation as 28.08 μg/L. 18.82% exceeded the secure limit (100 μg/L). It was showed passive smoking,eating preserved egg during pregnancy,habitation with many persons and new decoration were dangerous factors of lead exposure for fetus.However,multiply Logistic regression indicated there was no statistic significancy(P>0.05). Conclusion:Lead pollution is disadvantageous influence on fetus development,and the environment in Guangzhou still need further improvement.