组织工程技术阴茎功能修复重建的研究

组织工程技术重建阴茎结构与功能是近年来男科学和重建外科学研究的热点。早期的研究多集中在组织工程阴茎海绵体构建方面,体外将平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞接种至聚乙醇酸(PGA)或脱细胞海绵体基质材料上,通过复合培养和体内回植,所构建的组织工程海绵体在形态与功能方面均接近正常阴茎海绵体组织。组织工程阴茎假体采用自体软骨细胞和可降解生物材料复合构建而成,与硅胶假体相比,它具有更好的生物相容性。各种脱细胞基质被用于阴茎白膜替代和阴茎增粗手术中,取得了良好的效果。在勃起功能障碍的治疗方面,携带功能性基因的细胞移植显示了良好的治疗前景。

Reconstruction of Penile Function with Tissue Engineering Techniques

Tissue engineering techniques, with their potential applied value for penile reconstruction, are of special interest for andrologists. The purpose of this review is to appraise the recent development and publications in this field. In the past few years, great efforts have been made to develop corpus cavernosum tissues by combining smooth muscle and endothelial cells seeded on biodegradable polyglycolic acid polymer(PGA) or acellular corporal collagen matrices scaffolds. Animal experiment demonstrated that the engineered corpus cavernosum achieved adequate structural and functional parameters. Engineered cartilage rods as an alternative for the current clinical standard of semirigid or inflatable penile implants could be created by seeding chondrocyte cylindrical PGA. A series of studies showed that, compared to commercially available silicone implants, the engineered rods were flexible, elastic and stable. Besides, a variety of decellularized biological materials have been used as grafts not only for substitution of tunica albuginea but also for penile enhancement, with promising results. For treating erectile dysfunction, a new approach to recovering erectile function by cell-based therapy could be the injection of functional cells into corpus cavernosum, which seemed to be promising when combined with cell manipulation by gene therapy prior to cell transfer.