Penicilliosis and AIDS in Haiphong,Vietnam: Evolution and predictive factors of death

ObjectivesThe study objective was to assess the lethality rates and the predictive factors for death in AIDS patients infected by Penicillium marneffei (Pm) in Hai Phong, Vietnam.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing 103 medicals records of confirmed cases from June 2006 to August 2009.ResultsPenicilliosis-related mortality was very high (33%). The majors risk factors of death were: (i) patient lacking complete treatment, a regimen with both of secondary prophylaxis by itraconazole and HAART (OR = 52.2, P < 0.001); (ii) patients having received only secondary prophylaxis (OR = 21.2, P < 0.001); (iii) patients coinfected by hepatitis C (OR = 2.3, P = 0.02) and tuberculosis (OR = 1.97, P = 0.04). Penicilliosis occurred in 28 cases after initiation of ART, probably caused by IRIS, with the same signs and symptoms as “common” penicilliosis. However, the diagnosis of IRIS was ruled out because the viral load could not be assessed.ConclusionsPenicilliosis is very frequent in the North of Vietnam. A good compliance to a complete treatment with healing antifungal (Amphotericin B) then secondary prophylaxis (Itraconazole) associate with ART, prolongs survival, prevents relapse, and also allows discontinuing a secondary prophylaxis in a half of the cases.