中国较贫困地区学龄前儿童营养状况的变化趋势

目的 分析中国较贫困地区学龄前儿童营养状况的变化趋势。方法 对中国政府与联合国儿童基金会合作的“1990－1995年学龄前儿童营养监测与改善项目”进行总结分析，有关调查的设计，抽样方法，资料的收集等参见文献（1）。结果 1990，1993，1995年21个省共64个县的0－5岁儿童调查数分别为46950，46060和463730。调查结果显示：儿童低体重发生率和生长迟缓发生率均有不同程度的下降，低体重发生率在5年间下降幅度为25．68％，降低了5．94个百分点；生长迟缓发生率下降幅度为19．25％，降低了6．27个百分点。但较贫困地区学龄前儿童生长迟缓发生率仍高达28．02％，改善速度相对缓慢。1995年和童膳食调查表明，热能，蛋白质，动物来源蛋白质，维生素A，核黄素，钙的摄入均明显高于1990年。但维生素A，核黄素，钙的摄入量还远达不到RDA的标准。结论 较贫困地区学龄前儿童营养状况有较大改善。但营养不良发生率随儿童年龄的增加而上升，以1－2岁年龄段增幅最大，说明该年龄段为关键时期。

The trend of the dietary and nutritional status of pre-school children in relatively poor areas in China

Objective To investigate the changing trend of the dietary and nutritional status of pre_school children in relatively poor areas in China.Methods According to the Surveillance and Improvement of Children in China,data collected the preschool children aged 0 to 5 years in relatively poor areas of China in 1990,1993 and 1995 were analysed.Results From 1990 to 1995, the prevalences of low body weight and stunting dropped 25.68% and 19.25%,respectively. The nutrients intakes on percentages of Chinese RDA were significantly greater in 1995 than those in 1990.But the intakes of vitamin A, B2 and Ca of preschool children were far from the Chinese RDA.Conclusion The nutritional status of pre_school children in relatively poor areas has some improvement.