英汉政治演说语篇隐喻之异同

英汉政治演说中语篇隐喻类型相同，英汉语篇中元信息关系语篇隐喻的数量相同，分布比率接近。除主位化评论句和被动主位外的隐喻性主位、隐喻性述位、隐喻性新信息和隐喻性旧信息的数量相同或接近。英汉语篇中有很多衔接语篇隐喻，其中元信息关系占据了最大比率，其次是内部连接和语篇照应。英汉语篇中隐喻性旧信息都要比隐喻性新信息的比率高得多。英汉政治演说中的语篇隐喻差异可归结为汉语语篇中语篇照应、内部连接、协商结构、主位化评论句和被动主位的数量要比英语语篇中的数量少得多，另英汉语篇隐喻的意思虽然相同或相近，但语言形式不同，主要体现在词序的差异、范畴词的差异、连词的差异和语言成分转化差异方面。英汉语篇隐喻的共性取决于人类认知方式的相似性，两者之间的差异则起因于东西文化和思维方式的差别。英汉语篇隐喻对比研究对语言学理论的扩充，英汉话语的理解和使用，英汉互译以及语言教学具有重要意义。

A Comparison between English and Chinese Textual Metaphors in Political Speeches

There exist similarities in types of textual metaphors between English and Chinese political speeches. The number of meta-message is the same and the ratio is very similar in both English and Chinese. The number of metaphor- ical theme except thematised comment and passive theme, metaphorical theme, metaphorical news and metaphorical olds in English is equal or very close to that in Chinese. There are many cohesive textual metaphors in English and Chinese po- litical speeches. Meta-message occupies the largest ratio in the total amount of English and Chinese textual metaphors and the next are internal conjunction and text reference. The ratio of metaphorical olds is much larger than that of metaphori- cal news in both English and Chinese textual metaphors. The number of text reference, internal conjunction, negotiating texture, thematised comment and passive theme in Chinese is much smaller than that in English. There also exist differ- ences in linguistic form although the meaning is the same or similar in both English and Chinese. The differences include those in area of word order, category words, conjunctions and constituent transformation. The similarities between English and Chinese textual metaphors are determined by commonness in human cognitive styles, while the differences arise from contrast in eastern and western cultures and thinking modes. The comparison between English and Chinese textual metaphors contributes greatly to enrichment of linguistic theory, comprehension and use of discourse in English and Chinese, translation between English and Chinese and language learning and teaching.