Estimation of the distribution of intramuscular current during electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle |
| |
Authors: | Jerrold Petrofsky Michelle Prowse Melanie Bain Elaine Ebilane Hye Jin Suh Jennifer Batt Daryl Lawson Viviana Hernandez Armia Abdo Tien-ning Yang Enrique Mendoza Kelly Collins Michael Laymon |
| |
Institution: | (1) Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;(2) Department of Physical Therapy, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA;(3) School of Public Health and Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA |
| |
Abstract: | Electrical stimulation is commonly used for strengthening muscle but little evidence exists as to the optimal electrode size,
waveform, or frequency to apply. Three male and three female subjects (22–40 years old) were examined during electrical stimulation
of the quadriceps muscle. Two self adhesive electrode sizes were examined, 2 cm × 2 cm and 2 cm × 4 cm. Electrical stimulation
was applied with square and sine waveforms, currents of 5, 10 and 15 mA, and pulse widths of 100–500 μs above the quadriceps
muscle. Frequencies of stimulation were 20, 30, and 50 Hz. Current on the skin above the quadriceps muscle was measured with
surface electrodes at five positions and at three positions with needle electrodes in the same muscle. Altering pulse width
in the range of 100–500 μs, the frequency over a range of 20–50 Hz, or current from 5 to 15 mA had no effect on current dispersion
either in the skin or within muscle. In contrast, the distance separating the electrodes caused large changes in current dispersion
on the skin or into muscle. The most significant finding in the present investigation was that, while on the surface of the
skin current dispersion was not different between sine and square wave stimulation, significantly more current was transferred
deep in the muscle with sine versus square wave stimulation. The use of sine wave stimulation with electrode separation distances
of less then 15 cm is recommended for electrical stimulation with a sine wave to achieve deep muscle stimulation. |
| |
Keywords: | Electrical stimulation Exercise Exertion Physical therapy |
本文献已被 PubMed SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|