前置胎盘发病的危险因素及其对妊娠结局的影响

目的 分析并评价前置胎盘发病的危险因素及其对妊娠结局的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院产科收治的76例前置胎盘孕产妇(前置胎盘组)及76例正常孕产妇(对照组)的临床资料,对比2组患者的一般资料与妊娠结局,探讨前置胎盘发病的相关危险因素.结果 孕妇年龄、受教育程度、有无流产史、多胎妊娠、瘢痕子宫及盆腔炎症分别与前置胎盘的发病密切相关.前置胎盘组中大龄(＞ 30岁)、受教育程度低、有流产、多胎妊娠、瘢痕子宫及盆腔炎症病史者占比分别为60.5％ (46/76)、76.3％(58/76)、65.5％(49/76)、51.3％ (39/76)、22.4％ (17/76)、23.7％ (18/76),对照组分别为27.6％ (21/76)、38.2％ (29/76)、35.2％ (26/76)、15.8％(12/76)、6.6％ (5/76)、5.3％ (4/76),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).前置胎盘组产妇发生产后出血32例(42.1％)、胎盘粘连19例(25.0％),对照组产后出血及胎盘粘连分别为4例(5.3％)、3例(3.9％),2组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).前置胎盘组新生儿早产49例(65.5％)、窒息13例(17.1％)、低出生体重者28例(36.8％),显著高于对照组的6例(7.9％)、7例(9.2％)、0例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 前置胎盘是由单因素或多因素所导致,为避免严重不良结果,做好孕产妇管理工作,通过早筛查、早诊断、早治疗措施可以降低前置胎盘对围产儿带来的负面影响.

Risk factors of placenta previa and its effect on pregnancy outcomes

Objective To analyze and evaluate the risk factors of placenta praevia and its effect on preg- nancy outcome. Methods In our hospital, 76 cases of placenta previa （placenta previa group） and 76 cases of normal pregnant women （control group） clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The general information and pregnancy outcome were ompared between the two groups ,to explore the risk factors of the incidence of placenta pre- via. Results Risk factors of placenta previa were older women, low level of education, history of abortion, multi- ple parities, scar uterus and pelvic inflammation（P 〈0.05 ）. The patients associated with older women, low levels of education, abortion, multiple pregnancy, uterine scar and pelvic inflammatory disease history had higher incidence of placenta previa（P 〈 O. O1 ）. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and placenta accreta in the placenta previa group were higher than those in the control group（P 〈 O. O1 ）. Conclusion The factors that lead to placenta previa are complicated.