MicroRNA在干细胞增殖与分化过程中的调控作用

背景：研究表明MicroRNA(miRNA)可通过抑制干细胞特定mRNA序列的翻译来调控干细胞的自我更新和分化。 目的：探讨miRNAs在干细胞增殖和分化过程中的作用。 方法：由第一作者检索2000/2010 PubMed数据库、Elsevier数据库及Nature数据库。英文检索词为“stem cell，embryonic stem cell(ESC)， induced pluripotent stem cells(iPS cell)， microRNA(miRNA)”。排除重复性研究。共保留其中的39篇进行归纳总结。 结果与结论：胚胎干细胞有特异性的miRNAs表达，miRNAs对胚胎干细胞增殖与分化起重要的调控作用；miRNAs对造血干细胞分化的多个阶段和方向有调控作用；miRNAs还参与了神经干细胞、间充质干细胞和皮肤干细胞等成体干细胞分化的调控。干细胞特异性的miRNAs可提高体细胞重编程的效率。

Roles of MicroRNA in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells

BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an important role in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation by repressing the translation of selected mRNAs in stem cells. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the roles of miRNAs in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed database, Elsevier database and Nature database from 2000 to 2010. Key words were “stem cell, embryonic stem cell (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell), microRNA (miRNA)”. Duplicated articles were excluded. Finally, 39 articles were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:MicroRNAs are specifically expressed in embryonic stem cells. MiRNAs play important roles in regulating stem cell’s proliferation and differentiation. MiRNAs modulate multiple stages and cell types of hemopoietic stem cell differentiation. MiRNAs also regulate the differentiation of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and skin stem cells. Embryonic stem cell-specific miRNAs promote the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming.