经颅直流电刺激的研究及应用

背景：经颅直流电刺激是一种非侵袭性的刺激脑方法,利用弱的电流经颅刺激目标区域引起脑兴奋性的改变。 目的：回顾分析经颅直流电刺激的基本原理、刺激程序、优越性及不良作用及其在脑功能各个区域与脑卒中和脊髓神经系统疾病中的应用。 方法：由第一作者检索1995/2011 PubMed数据库及西文生物医学期刊文献数据库。检索词为“tDCS,Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation,noninvasive brain stimulation,stroke;经颅直流电刺激,非侵袭性脑刺激”。 结果与结论：国外近十年的研究已经确立经颅直流电刺激应用于人类大脑皮质的有益效果,并基本确立了其刺激模式。阳极刺激具有兴奋大脑皮质的作用,阴极刺激降低大脑皮质的兴奋性。应用于脑卒中患者的临床研究显示阳极刺激和阴极刺激均有有益的作用,阳极刺激对脊髓损伤的患者也有有益的效果。经颅直流电刺激作为一种新的,无创的,有效的治疗方法被广泛应用于神经系统损伤患者的研究中,为这样患者的康复带来新的希望。

Research and application of transcranial direct current stimulation

BACKGROUND:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation method, which is capable of modulating the excitability of targeted brain regions by passing a weak electric current through the cortex via two stimulating electrodes placed on the scalp. OBJECTIVE:We reviewed the basic principle, stimulus program, advantages and adverse effects and especially the application in stroke and spinal cord diseases. METHODS:The first author retrieved 1995/2011 PubMed database and Foreign Medical Journal Service. Key words were “tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation, noninvasive brain stimulation, stroke” in English and; “transcranial direct current stimulation, noninvasive brain stimulation” in Chinese.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Anodal stimulation increases cortical excitability in the stimulated brain tissue while cathodal stimulation decreases it. It is a kind of old research methods, although the research is intermittent. But in recent years it has become a hotspot and has been made a lot of achievements. tDCS, a portable, safe, non-invasive, brain stimulation technique, which is capable of modulating the excitability of targeted brain regions, and especially a sham mode allowing controlled experiments and randomized controlled clinical trials is bring new hope for patients of central nervous system diseases. At present, it has illuminated the basic principle, and enters clinical second test stage.