人工植骨材料的生物学特性与临床应用

目的：总结近年有关人工植骨材料的生物学特性与临床应用现状。方法：由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库，检索时限为1998-01/2010-10。检索关键词：骨充填材料，骨缺损，骨肿瘤，骨病，骨组织工程。纳入与各种人工植骨材料的生物学特性与临床应用有关的文献，对资料进行初审，并查看每篇文献后的引文。共15篇文献符合标准纳入结果分析。结果：人工植骨材料包括无机材料、有机材料和复合材料，复合材料组合了前两者的优势，具备较好的生物安全性、生物相容性、生物活性及生物力学性能。在四肢骨折内固定或骨肿瘤刮除后于骨缺损处植入人工骨，明显加速骨骼愈合过程．降低延迟愈合或不愈合的发生率，有较大临床应用价值。结论：人工植骨材料在促进骨愈合、椎体融合效果接近自体骨，无排异反应，具有良好的生物相容性。

Bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials

OBJECTIVE:To summarize the bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials at recent years.METHODS:VIP database was retrieved by the computer, the time was limited to 1998-01/2010-10. The index words were “bone filling material, bone defect, bone tumor, bone disease, bone tissue engineering” in Chinese. Literatures related to the bionomics and clinical application of artificial bone graft materials were included. The data were selected firstly, and each citation was checked in each article. A total of 15 documents were involved for analysis. RESULTS:Artificial bone graft materials including inorganic material, organic material and composite material. Composite material combined the advantages of inorganic material and organic material, which had good biological safety, biocompatibility, biological activity and biomechanical properties. Artificial bone was implanted into bone defects at limbs fracture internal fixation or after curettage of bone tumors. The healing process of skeleton was accelerated, the incidence of delayed union or disunion was reduced, and which had a great clinical value.CONCLUSION:Artificial bone graft material is close to autogenous bone in the promotion of bone healing and effect of vertebral fusion, without rejection, and with good biocompatibility.