人脐带间充质干细胞生物学特性及其研究进展

背景：人脐带间充质干细胞是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞，具有来源丰富，对供者无影响，易于采集和运输，无异体排斥反应，避免伦理争议等诸多优点。 目的：综述人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其应用进展。 方法：以“人脐带间充质干细胞，生物学特征，基因分析，诱导分化， human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUMSCs)，biocharacteristics， gene analysis，induce differentiation”为关键词应用计算机检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库、PubMed数据库文章。 结果与结论：人脐带间充质干细胞呈典型的成纤维状，其表达的表面标志抗原具有非单一性，高表达间质细胞标志、整合素受体，不表达造血系标志、协同刺激分子CD80、CD86 和CD40、人白细胞抗原HLA-DR，HLA-G，HLA-DP，HLA-DQ、内皮标志CD31或CD33、CD14、CD56等。人脐带间充质干细胞与造血干细胞和胚胎干细胞类似，在体外可以分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞、肝细胞、心肌细胞等；在体内可以分化为多巴胺能神经元、骨骼肌细胞、内皮细胞、胰岛细胞等。但人脐带间充质干细胞的研究仍存在亟需解决的问题，如分离方法、培养条件的规范化，如何控制其生长和分化等。

Biological characteristics and progression of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are sorts of somatic stem cells with the ability of self-renewal and multi-differentiation. It has advantages such as plentiful source, no effect on the donor, convenience for collection and transportation, no heterogenous rejection, and no ethical dispute. OBJECTIVE:To review in the biological characteristics and progression of the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were searched by computer with key words of “human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, biocharacteristics, gene analysis, induce differentiation” both in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The shape of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells is like typical fibroblast. The antigens of cell surface are various. The cells high-express interstitial cell mark and integrin receptor, otherwise the cells do not express hematopoietic system mark, allostimulatory molecule CD80, CD86 and CD40, human leukocyte antigens HLA-DR, HLA-G, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, endothelium mark CD31 or CD33, CD14, CD56 and so on. As hematopoietic stem cells and embryonic stem cells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells could not only differentiate into osteocytes, cartilage cell, hepatic cells and cardiac muscle cells in vitro, but also differentiate dopaminergic neuron, skeletal muscle cell, endothelial cell, islet cell and so on in vivo. But the research of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has some problems that need to be resolved extremely. For example, the normalization of separation method and culture condition, how to control the growth and differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and so on.