人工股骨柄的力学研究现状

背景：临床表明,全髋关节重建涉及假体、骨水泥和股骨整体的应力分布,针对减少各个组件的应力以减少置换关节失效风险研究有了很大的进展。目的：对髋关节置换后各组件应力分布的研究现状及进展作一综述。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI,EI Village和ELSEVER数据库中2001-01/2011-01关于髋关节置换和股骨柄应力的文章,在标题和摘要中以“股骨柄,应力,全髋关节置换”或“stem,prosthesis,stress,Total Hip Replacement”为检索词进行检索。入选34篇文献和2本书籍进行综述。结果与结论：人工髋关节固定需亟待解决的关键问题是髋关节置换后各组件应力非均匀传递而引起的界面剪滞效应,并将最终导致界面松动失效。研究股骨-柄松动原因和增强股骨-柄界面的自锁能力,应是提高人工髋关节的稳定性和延长置换后髋关节寿命的发展方向。

Mechanical properties of artificial hip stems

BACKGROUND:A total joint reconstruction is related to the stress distribution throughout the prosthesis, cement and femur. It is a significant progress for reducing the stresses in all components to minimize the risk of failure.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the investigative situation and progression about stress distribution of all components after total hip replacement.METHODS:The databases of CNKI, EI Village and ELSEVER (2001-01/2011-01) were retrieved to search the related articles about total hip replacement and stress distribution of stem. Putting stem, biomechanical, stress and finite element analysis as terms and then selecting some related articles. The keywords were “femoral stem, stress, total hip replacement” in Chinese and “stem, prosthesis, stress, total hip replacement” in English. Thirty-four articles and two books related to the stress distribution of stem were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fixture problems of hip prosthesis are summarized. It is interface shear lag effect resulted from the heterogeneity stress distribution of all components, which has an effect on the interfacial loosening failure. The further study on the reason of femur-stem loosening failure and reinforcement mechanism of interfacial bonding strength is put forward.