经皮穿刺克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗闭合性髌骨横断骨折

背景:张力带缝合固定对髌骨骨折应用较多,由其改良而来的双克氏针加张力带钢丝应用也比较广泛,但其传统手术切口较长,瘢痕形成较多,一定程度上影响美观及膝关节功能。目的:观察微创经皮穿刺加张力带钢丝固定治疗髌骨横断骨折的临床疗效。设计:病例回顾分析。单位:西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院。对象:选择2002-09/2004-06在西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院骨科收治的29例闭合性髌骨横行骨折患者,男17例,女12例;年龄18～69岁,平均36岁。纳入标准:①经X射线确诊。②依据骨折线的形状为横形或横斜行骨折。所有患者均对手术项目知情同意。方法:①手术方案:所有患者于伤后1周内实施手术,推挤分离的髌骨骨折块复位后以大号的艾力氏钳于两极钳夹固定,于髌骨上下两端各做两个小切口,将两克氏针子小切口处钻入髌骨,并自切口穿入钢丝将其贴髌骨穿绕于克氏针的上下两端,拧紧钢丝,折弯钢针,剪除钢丝及钢针多余部分,缝合。②术后评估:按照三级愈合法观察患者伤口愈合情况;术后4年参照胥少汀等制定的膝关节功能综合评定办法随访患者恢复情况(疼痛情况、膝关节活动范围及膝关节面骨折复位),同时对并发症进行观察。主要观察指标:患者伤口愈合情况、术后功能恢复及并发症。结果:29例患者均进入结果分析。①伤口愈合情况:甲级愈合27例,占93%(27/29),乙级愈合2例,占7%(2/27),经换药及全身抗感染治疗,最终愈合良好。②患者恢复情况:疼痛缓解情况:评价标准参照胥少汀等制定的膝关节功能综合评定标准,26例为优,3例为良;膝关节活动范围:优27例;良2例;髌骨关节面骨折复位:优26例;良3例。③并发症:29例病患全部骨性愈合,未出现感染、钢丝脱落、钢针脱出等近期并发症。结论:经皮穿刺克氏针加张力带钢丝固定治疗髌骨横断骨折的手术方法具有创伤小、恢复快及术区美观等特点,并能允许膝关节早期活动,临床疗效满意。

Percutaneous AO Kirschner wire plus tension band wire fixation for patella closed transverse fracture

BACKGROUND: Tension band suture fixation is always used in treating patellar fracture, and its modified method of Kirschner wire plus tension band steel-wire is also widely applied. But because the traditional surgery always causes massive incision and scar formation, it affects the appearance and function of knee joint.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical curative effect of percutaneous puncture plus tension zone steel-wire fixation for the treatment of patella closed transverse fracture.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis:SETTING: Second Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine patients with closed patellar transverse fracture admitted by Department of Orthopedics,Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected from an average age of 36 years old. Only people that were diagnosed by X-ray as closed patellar transverse fracture were enrolled, and the informed consent was obtained from them.jostled until resetting, and then the fractured pieces were clamped by a clavical clamp to fix. Two incisions were made at the upper and lower ends of patella, and two were penetrated from the incision until its tip out of the lower hole of the same Kirschner wire under skin. The soft steel wire was drawn tightly and bended along the tip of Kirschner wire. The three-grading method, and the recovery of patients in 4 years after operation was evaluated according to the composite evaluation means about the knee joint established by Xu et al (pain, movement range of knee joint and reset of the fracture in patellar face. Meanwhile, the postoperative complications were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wound healing, postoperative functional recovery and complications of patients.cases scored in grade 1, accounted for 93%, 2 cases in grade 2, accounted for 7%, who were recovered after change of means about the knee joint established by Xu, 26 cases were excellent, and 3 were good; in the movement range of knee joint, 27 cases were excellent and 2 were good; in the resetting of fracture, 26 cases were excellent and 3 were infection, traumatic arthritis, or other complications were found in patients.CONCLUSION: Percutaneous internal fixation with Kirchner needles combined with tension band wires for treatment of closed patella transverse fractures is featured by minimal trauma, fast recovery and beautiful outlook in the operative area. Moreover, it permits early movement in the knee joints. This method has a satisfied clinical curative effect.