Cullen's sign - Case report with a review of the literature

IntroductionCullen's sign is described as superficial oedema with bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the peri-umbilical region. It is also known as peri-umbilical ecchymosis.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a fifty-three year old gentleman who presented with non-specific abdominal pain. Significant bruising was present within the subcutaneous fatty tissue on the anterior abdominal wall in keeping with ‘Cullen's sign.’ Of note he denied any alcohol intake and his amylase was normal. A diagnosis of pancreatitis was made following a CT scan of his abdomen.DiscussionA search of the entire English literature using PubMed with the phrase ‘Cullen's sign’ has been performed. Papers were reviewed in relation to recognition of this clinical sign, differential diagnosis, and management.ConclusionOur case and review of the literature highlights the rarity of this clinical sign which a clinician may encounter. In addition we draw to attention the importance of having knowledge of the underlying possible conditions which may lead to this sign, and can be vital in successful acute management.