跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣的解剖基础与临床应用

目的 探讨跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣的解剖特点,以及修复足前部缺损的可行性.方法取20条经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢尸体标本,解剖观察其跗外侧动脉、腓动脉外踝上穿支、腓浅动脉等血管的分支、走行和吻合.据此设计跗外侧动脉蒂小腿前外侧皮瓣,对8例足前部组织缺损患者进行带蒂皮瓣转移修复.足背皮肤软组织缺损5例,足底皮肤软组织缺损3例.足前部缺损范围5 cm×4 cm ～ 9 cm×5 cm.供区游离植皮或直接缝合.跗外侧动脉、腓动脉穿支、胫前动脉穿支、腓浅动脉相互吻合,在足外侧、外踝前、小腿前外侧形成一条纵行血管轴.皮瓣范围6 cm×4 cm ～ 10 cm×6 cm.结果 术后8块皮瓣全部成活.所有患者均获随访,随访6～12个月,平均8个月,皮瓣色泽、质地、外形良好,皮瓣无溃疡发生.患者能自由行走.结论 以跗外侧动脉为蒂切取小腿前外侧皮瓣,皮瓣血运可靠,血管蒂长,可修复足前部任何区域,供区损伤小.

Applied anatomy of the lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg and clinical application

Objective To explore an anatomical basis for the lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg and the feasibility of repairing skin defects on forepart of feet. Methods The branches, course and anastomosis of the lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, superficial peroneal artery were studied in 20 legs of adult cadavers.The flap was designed on these grounds. 8 cases repaired by lateral tarsal artery pedicle flap on front and lateral compartment of leg, 5 cases of skin defects on dorsum of foots, 3 cases of skin defects on footplates.The area of defect on forepart of foot was 5 cm× 4 cm-cm × 5 cm. The donor sites were resurfaced with skin grafts or sutured directly. The lateral tarsal artery, perforator of peroneal artery up external malleolus, perforator of anterior tibial artery superficial peroneal artery were anastomosed each other, formed single band blood vessel axle on lateral foot, fore external malleolus, front and lateral compartment of leg. The area of flap was 6 cm × 4 cm - 10 cm × 6 cm.Results All of the flaps survived completely. All cases were followed up, followed up 6- 12 months, averaged 8 months. The color, appearance and texture of the flaps were good, without ulcer on the flap. The patients can walk freely. Conclusion The flap on front and lateral compartment of leg should be designed according to the lateral tarsal artery. Blood supply of flap was reliable, little trauma. The flap's vessel pedicle is enough long. It could repair any defect on forepart of foots.