抗戊型肝炎病毒IgG和IgM抗体对诊断急性戊型肝炎的意义

目的 探讨抗戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体对诊断急性戊型肝炎（ＨＥ）的意义。方法 应用酶联免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测我国７个城市共计１４３例散发性ＨＥ病人急性期血清和其中５６例病人的３５９份系列血清,以及４只实验感染ＨＥＶ猕猴的６８份系列血清的抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ。结果 ７个城市１４３例散发性ＨＥ病人急性期血清抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ阳性率为１００．０％,明显高于抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＭ（７３．４％）,９

A preliminary study on hepatitis E virus antibody IgG and IgM for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of hepatitis E virus antibody (anti-HEV) IgG and IgM for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E. METHODS: Acute phase sera from a total of 143 patients with sporadic hepatitis E in 7 cities of China were determined for anti-HEV IgM and IgG by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). 359 serial sera of 56 patients with hepatitis E and 68 serial sera of 4 rhesus macaques experimentally infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) were also detected for anti-HEV IgG and IgM. RESULTS: In the 143 patients the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was 100.0%, which was significantly higher than that of anti-HEV IgM (73.4%, 105/143). 97.2% of anti-HEV IgG positive patients had a titer over 1:40. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgM increased with the titer of anti-HEV IgG in sera. It was 0% (0/4), 44.4% (8/18) and 80.2% (97/121), respectively in patients with the anti-HEV IgG titer of 1:20, 1:40 and >or=1:80 (P < 0.001). All the anti-HEV IgM positive patients were also anti-HEV IgG positive. No patients were found to be anti-HEV IgM positive alone. Anti-HEV IgG was detected as early as 2 days after onset of the disease, with a cumulative positive seroconversion rate of 100% by 1 month. The negative seroconversion rate of anti-HEV IgG increased with course of the disease and 43.3% of the patients lost their anti-HEV IgG by 6 months after illness. Though anti-HEV IgM also seroconverted at the same time as anti-HEV IgG, its cumulative positive seroconversion rate was only 71.4% and declined rapidly. Up to 37.5% of anti-HEV IgM positive patients became negative by 1 month after onset. Similar antibody responses were observed in 4 rhesus macaques experimentally infected with HEV. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that as a result of the poor sensitivity of currently available anti-HEV IgM EIA kits, anti-HEV IgG will be a more reliable marker for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E as compared with anti-HEV IgM.