Funktionsdiagnostik des Kolons und Anorektums

For evaluation of functional disturbances of the colon and anorectum, diagnostic methods are available for measurement of motor activity, anorectal sensory function and evacuation. Measurement of motor activity can be achieved by colon (mostly after colonoscopic cleaning) and anorectal manometry or by barostat measurements. Anorectal manometry and barostat measurements also enable investigation of the colorectal sensory function. Intraluminal transit can be assessed with scintigraphy or by ingestion of radiopaque markers. Defecography either by conventional X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize defecation disorders. From a clinical point of view, functional disturbances of the colon and anorectum manifest themselves as chronic constipation, including defecation disorders and fecal incontinence. Both syndromes are characterized by a high prevalence and a severely disturbed quality of life. Diagnostic evaluation should be initiated if a trial therapy fails. Colonic transit time measurement, defecography, and anorectal manometry are indicated for evaluation of chronic constipation, while anorectal manometry, anal endoscopic ultrasound, sphincter electromyogram (EMG), and if necessary, investigation of diarrhea are required for fecal incontinence.