结构式心理干预对急性心肌梗死患者心理状态及应激水平的影响

目的探讨结构式心理干预对急性心肌梗死患者心理状态及应激水平的影响。方法选取2017年3月—2019年1月在湖州市中心医院急诊科收治的急性心肌梗死患者96例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各48例。对照组应用常规急诊护理,观察组在对照组的基础上应用结构式心理护理干预。根据焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)比较2组患者护理干预前后心理状态,比较2组患者护理前后应激指标水平变化包括:收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)及肾上腺素(E),统计2组患者护理满意度。结果护理干预前,2组患者心理状态评分及应激水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);护理干预后,观察组患者SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05);护理干预后观察组患者SBP、DBP、HP及E水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组患者护理满意度为100.0%(48/48),高于对照组的85.4%(41/48),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结构式心理干预可明显改善急诊急性心肌梗死患者抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪,可有效降低患者应激水平,同时提高患者及家属的护理满意度,推动和谐护患关系的建立,值得临床应用推广。

Effect of structural psychological intervention on psychological status and stress level in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To explore the effect of structural psychological intervention on psychological status and stress level in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 96 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from March 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into observation group and control group with 48 cases each. The control group was given routine emergency nursing, while the observation group was given structured psychological nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. According to the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), the psychological status of the two groups before and after nursing intervention was compared. The changes of stress indicators before and after nursing in the two groups were compared, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and epinephrine (E), and the nursing satisfaction of the two groups was counted. Results Before nursing intervention, there was no significant difference in mental state score and stress level between the two groups (all P>0.05); after nursing intervention, SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05); after nursing intervention, the levels of SBP, DBP, HP and E of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05); the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 100.0%(48/48), which was far higher than 85.4% (41/48) of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Structural psychological intervention can significantly improve the negative emotions such as depression and anxiety in patients with acute myocardial infarction, effectively reduce the stress level of patients, improve the satisfaction of patients and their families, and promote the establishment of harmonious nurse-patient relationship, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.