肥胖对中小学生生理机能与常见疾病的影响

目的 使用2009年、2012年、2015年3个年份的样本量来分析重庆地区在2009—2015年间的肥胖检出情况、肥胖对学生的身体机能和常见疾病的影响情况,为改善学生生理机能、降低相关疾病寻找依据和方法。方法 通过分析2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市学生体质健康监测的累加数据,观察肥胖对学生血压、肺活量、肺活量指数、视力等身体机能的影响以及对近视、龋齿等常见疾病的影响。结果 2009年、2012年、2015年学生累计样本数为202 235人,体质量指数为肥胖的学生9 529人,肥胖率为4.71%,其中男生肥胖率为5.79%,女生肥胖率为3.73%,男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=473.66,P<0.01);城市学生肥胖率为5.88%,乡村学生肥胖率为3.66%,城市学生肥胖率高于乡村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=551.30,P<0.01)。在生理功能方面,非肥胖组学生右眼视力、左眼视力、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量、肺活量指数均优于肥胖组学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肥胖组学生龋失补总牙数均值与非肥胖组学生比较,差值为-0.22颗/人,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.31,P<0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组的龋齿检出率分别为13.43%和20.54%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.34,P<0.01);肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为57.45%、 57.00%,非肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为51.86%、51.47%,肥胖组近视检出率与非肥胖组近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2右眼=113.34,P<0.01;χ2左眼=109.11,P<0.01)。结论 2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市中小学生肥胖检出率均处于一个较低水平,肥胖表现出了显著的性别间、城乡间差异;肥胖易使学生视力降低、血压升高、肺功能储备降低。

Effect of obesity on physical function and common diseases of primary and middle school students

Objective To investigate the status of obesity and the effect of obesity on the physical function and common diseases of primary and middle school students in Chongqing area from 2009 to 2015, so as to provide the reference for improving the students' physical function and reducing common diseases. Methods Through the analysis of the 2009, 2012, and 2015 years’ health monitoring data of the students in Chongqing City, the status and the effect of obesity on the physical function, such as blood pressure, vital capacity, vital capacity index, and vision, and common diseases, such as myopia and caries of the students were investigated. Results In 2009, 2012 and 2015, the cumulative number of students inChongqing 202 235, and there were 9 529 students with obesity, with an obesity rate of 4.71%. The obesity rate of the males was 5.79% and the obesity rate of the females was 3.73% (χ2=473.66, P<0.01). The obesity rate of urban students was 5.88% and the obesity rate of rural students was 3.66% (χ2=551.30, P<0.01). In terms of physiological function, the right eyesight, left eyesight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity, and vital capacity index of the students without obesity were superior o those of the students with obesity (P<0.01). Among the common diseases, the mean value of decayed-missing-filled tooth (DMFT) of the students with obesity was -0.22/person compared with that of the students without obesity (t=-16.31, P<0.01).The detection rate of caries of the students with obesity was 13.43%, and the detection rate of caries of the students without obesity was 20.54 (χ2=113.34, P<0.01).The detection rates of right eye myopia and left eye myopia of the students with obesity were 57.45% and 57.00% respectively, and the detection rates of right eye myopia and left eye myopia of the students without obesity were 51.86% and 51.47% respectively, there were significant differences (χ2right eye=113.34, P<0.01; χ2left eye=109.11, P<0.01). Conclusion In 2009, 2012 and 2015, the detection rates of obesity of the primary and middle school students in Chongqing are still at a low level, and obesity shows significant gender and urban-rural differences. Obesity can significantly reduce the students' sight , elevate blood pressure, and lower lung function.