高龄老年人心理健康状况及影响因素

目的  了解高龄老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素。 方法  于2018年1月~3月, 采用症状自评量表（symptom check list 90, SCL-90）对我国60岁及以上老年人进行方便抽样调查, 本研究抽取80岁及以上老年人作为研究对象, 应用χ²检验和二元Logistic回归模型分析其心理健康的影响因素。 结果  高龄老年人共485例, SCL-90总体阳性检出率为20.21%。检出率最高的四个因子分别是躯体化（39.38%）、其他（反映睡眠及饮食等情况）（25.15%）、强迫症（24.33%）和抑郁（22.68%）。体质指数（body mass index, BMI）正常（OR=0.537, 95%CI: 0.250~0.857, P=0.027）和居住在县城城关区的高龄老人（OR=0.224, 95%CI: 0.075~0.667, P=0.007）总体阳性检出率较低; 受教育1~5年（OR=11.092, 95%CI: 4.446~27.671, P<0.001）、6~8年（OR=9.800, 95%CI: 3.464~27.721, P<0.001）、9~11年（OR=19.279, 95%CI: 6.722~55.297, P<0.001）、12年及以上（OR=24.321, 95%CI: 7.894~74.929, P<0.001）者较未受教育者总体阳性检出率高; 家庭经济状况自评越富裕的高龄老年人阳性检出率越低（OR<1）。 结论  高龄老年人的心理健康主要受居住地、受教育年限、家庭经济状况自评、BMI的影响。

Mental health status and its influencing factors of the elderly

  Objective  To assess the current status and factors associated with the mental health condition of older adults.  Methods  A convenience sampling survey was conducted using symptom check list 90 (SCL-90) among the Chinese older adults aged 60 or above from January to March, 2018. The older adults aged 80 or above were selected for this study. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors.  Results  The total participants were 485. The SCL-90 positive detection rate was 20.21%. The symptoms of the four highest detection rates were somatization (39.38%), others (25.15%), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (24.33%) and depression (22.68%). The older adults with normal BMI (OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.250-0.857, P=0.027) and lived in county town (OR=0.224, 95% CI: 0.075-0.667, P=0.007) showed lower SCL-90 positive detection rate. These who had been educated for 1-5 years (OR=11.092, 95% CI: 4.446-27.671, P<0.001), 6-8 years (OR=9.800, 95% CI: 3.464-27.721, P<0.001), 9~11 years (OR=19.279, 95% CI: 6.722-55.297, P<0.001), 12 years and above (OR=24.321, 95% CI: 7.894-74.929, P<0.001) had higher SCL-90 positive detection rate compared with those who were uneducated.  Conclusion  The mental health condition of Chinese older adults is mainly influenced by residence place, education level, family income self-evaluation and BMI status.