高龄老年人心理健康状况及影响因素

目的了解高龄老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法于2018年1月～3月,采用症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)对我国60岁及以上老年人进行方便抽样调查,本研究抽取80岁及以上老年人作为研究对象,应用χ~2检验和二元Logistic回归模型分析其心理健康的影响因素。结果高龄老年人共485例,SCL-90总体阳性检出率为20.21%。检出率最高的四个因子分别是躯体化(39.38%)、其他(反映睡眠及饮食等情况)(25.15%)、强迫症(24.33%)和抑郁(22.68%)。体质指数(body mass index, BMI)正常(OR=0.537, 95%CI:0.250～0.857,P=0.027)和居住在县城城关区的高龄老人(OR=0.224, 95%CI:0.075～0.667,P=0.007)总体阳性检出率较低;受教育1～5年(OR=11.092,95%CI:4.446～27.671,P<0.001)、6～8年(OR=9.800,95%CI:3.464～27.721,P<0.001)、9～11年(OR=19.279, 95%CI:6.722～55.297,P<0.001)、12年及以上(OR=24.321, 95%CI:7.894～74.929,P<0.001)者较未受教育者总体阳性检出率高;家庭经济状况自评越富裕的高龄老年人阳性检出率越低(OR<1)。结论高龄老年人的心理健康主要受居住地、受教育年限、家庭经济状况自评、BMI的影响。

Mental health status and its influencing factors of the elderly

  Objective  To assess the current status and factors associated with the mental health condition of older adults.  Methods  A convenience sampling survey was conducted using symptom check list 90 (SCL-90) among the Chinese older adults aged 60 or above from January to March, 2018. The older adults aged 80 or above were selected for this study. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors.  Results  The total participants were 485. The SCL-90 positive detection rate was 20.21%. The symptoms of the four highest detection rates were somatization (39.38%), others (25.15%), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (24.33%) and depression (22.68%). The older adults with normal BMI (OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.250-0.857, P=0.027) and lived in county town (OR=0.224, 95% CI: 0.075-0.667, P=0.007) showed lower SCL-90 positive detection rate. These who had been educated for 1-5 years (OR=11.092, 95% CI: 4.446-27.671, P<0.001), 6-8 years (OR=9.800, 95% CI: 3.464-27.721, P<0.001), 9~11 years (OR=19.279, 95% CI: 6.722-55.297, P<0.001), 12 years and above (OR=24.321, 95% CI: 7.894-74.929, P<0.001) had higher SCL-90 positive detection rate compared with those who were uneducated.  Conclusion  The mental health condition of Chinese older adults is mainly influenced by residence place, education level, family income self-evaluation and BMI status.