癌症患者主要照顾者积极感受与依恋、社会支持的关系研究

目的 探讨癌症患者主要照顾者积极感受现状及其与成人依恋、社会支持的关系。 方法 采用方便抽样，选取2017年1月—12月在安徽省某三甲医院住院的200例癌症患者的主要照顾者进行调查。采用一般资料调查表、照顾者积极感受量表(PAC)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、社会支持问卷(SSRS)分别测量主要照顾者的一般人口学资料、积极感受、成人依恋及社会支持水平。 结果 共发放问卷200份，回收有效问卷190份，有效回收率为95.0%。癌症患者主要照顾者积极感受得分为(34.04±7.64)分，依恋焦虑得分为(72.09±14.92)分，依恋回避得分为(47.67±16.13)分，社会支持得分为(41.51±7.43)分。积极感受得分与依恋焦虑得分、社会支持得分均呈正相关(r=0.188～0.368，P＜0.01)，与依恋回避得分呈负相关(r=-0.239，P＜0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示，依恋焦虑、社会支持能够正向预测照顾者的积极感受。 结论 依恋焦虑、社会支持是癌症患者主要照顾者积极感受的影响因素。医护人员应以依恋理论为依据，基于积极感受的影响因素制定恰当的护理干预措施，针对不同依恋类型的照顾者给予有针对性的干预，指导照顾者合理利用可获得的社会资源，考虑现存的社会支持，增加主观支持减轻其消极感受，帮助其感知到更多的积极感受，使其以积极的心态去面对照顾任务，提高患者的照顾质量。 

Relation among positive feelings,adult attachment,social support of the primary caregivers of cancer patients

Objective To explore the positive feelings of the primary caregivers of cancer patients and their relationship with adult attachment and social support. Methods A total of 200 primary caregivers of cancer patients from a Third Grade Class hospital of AnHui Province were investigated with General Information Questionnaire, Positive aspects of caregiving, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, Social support rating scale from January to December 2017. Results A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and 190 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.0%. The scores of positive feelings, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, social support were (34.04±7.64), (72.09±14.92), (47.67±16.13) and (41.51±7.43), respectively. Partial correlation analysis revealed that positive feelings had positive related with attachment anxiety, social support (r=0.188-0.368, P<0.01), and had negative related with attachment avoidance (r=-0.239, P<0.01). The multiple linear regression revealed that attachment anxiety and social support can positively predict the positive feelings of caregivers. Conclusion Health professionals should be based on attachment theory and influencing factors of positive feeling, build appropriate intervention strategies to enhance caregivers' positive feeling and improve care quality.