孕期食物摄入与婴儿湿疹关联的队列研究

  目的  探讨孕期各大类食物摄入量与婴儿湿疹发病风险之间的关联。  方法  采用前瞻性出生队列研究方法，选取广州市某区妇幼保健院常规孕检的孕20~28周孕妇523名。采用具有81个条目的半定量食物频率问卷调查孕妇过去一个月的膳食摄入情况，根据中国膳食指南划分食物摄入类别，并计算各大类别食物摄入量。于产后6个月通过电话随访调查婴儿湿疹的发病情况。将孕期各类食物摄入量进行四等分（Q1-Q4），采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析其与婴儿湿疹之间的关联。  结果  产后6个月婴儿湿疹累计发病率为51.8%。在孕期各类食物摄入方面，湿疹组的禽肉类摄入量高于非湿疹组（27.62±25.20 vs.22.03±22.63 g/d，P=0.022）；谷类、蔬菜类、水果类、红肉类、蛋类、奶类、大豆、坚果的摄入在两组间差异均无统计学意义（均有P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，母亲孕期较高的禽肉类摄入（Q4）和鱼类摄入（Q3）与最低四分位数组（Q1）相比，婴儿湿疹发生风险增加（OR=2.71，95% CI=1.24~4.81；OR=2.38，95% CI=1.23~4.59）。  结论  孕期禽肉类或鱼类摄入过多与更高的婴儿湿疹发生风险有关。

The effect of maternal food consumption during pregnancy on infantile eczema: a cohort study

  Objective  To investigate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema in a Chinese population.  Methods  A prospective birth cohort study was conducted and 523 women were recruited at 20-28 weeks of pregnancy in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2018. A validated 81-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess maternal dietary intakes during the past month. Food items were divided into ten food groups according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines. Offspring were followed up at 6 months by the symptom questionnaire of eczema. Multivariate Logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal food group intakes during pregnancy and the risk of infantile eczema.  Results  The cumulative incidence of eczema at 6 months was 51.8%. Maternal consumption of poultry was higher in the eczema group (27.62±25.20 g/d) than the control group (22.03±22.63 g/d, P=0.022). Comparing to the lowest quantile (Q1), higher maternal intake of poultry (Q4) and fish (Q3) were significantly associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.24-4.81; OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.23-4.59, respectively) after multivariate adjustment.  Conclusion  Higher intakes of poultry or fish during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema in Chinese population.